Across
- 3. The distance a beam or structure deforms under loading, typically due to bending in a beam.
- 4. The tendency of a force to rotate an object about point P. It is equal to the product of the magnitude of the force acting on the object and the perpendicular distance from the point P to the force.
- 7. The area of floor or roof representing the surface area from which an applied uniform load is assumed to transfer to a supporting structural member.
- 15. Deformation under stress.
- 17. An agent that causes stress in an object.
- 18. A wide shallow footing usually constructed of reinforced concrete.
- 24. A load on a structure caused by movement of the Earth relative to the structure during an earthquake.
- 26. Forces or other actions that result from the weight of building materials, occupants and their possessions, and environmental effects.
- 28. A factor intended to compensate for uncertainties in design and analysis by reducing the theoretical strength of a member for use in design.
- 29. A force acting generally in a horizontal direction, such as wind, earthquake, and soil pressure against a structure.
- 32. An upright structural member acting primarily in compression.
- 33. A beam which is supported such that the number of unknown reaction forces is equal to the number of equilibrium equations.
- 35. A force that acts along the longitudinal axis of a structural member. Axial tension causes elongation of the member. Axial compression causes shortening of the member.
- 36. The weight of movable objects such as people, furnishings, machines, vehicles, and goods in or on a building.
- 39. The load carrying capacity of a structural member.
- 41. An assembly of structural members joined to form a rigid framework, usually connected to form triangles..
- 42. A long slender piece of material driven or drilled into the ground to act as an element of a foundation.
- 45. Nominal strength divided by the safety factor.
- 46. A support condition in which translation of a structural member is restricted in two perpendicular directions and rotation is restricted. A fixed support provides two perpendicular reaction forces and a reaction moment when the member is loaded.
- 48. A change in the shape of a structure or structural member caused by a load or force acting on the structure.
- 49. Pressure from the wind that can cause lateral loads as well as uplift on the roof or downward pressure.
- 51. A single beam that is supported by more than two supports such that it has at least two distinct spans.
- 52. The state of a body such that the sum of all the external forces acting on the body equals zero and the sum of all external moments acting on the body equals zero.
- 56. A plot of the internal moment in a beam versus position along the axis of the beam.
Down
- 1. The weight of the building or building components.
- 2. A beam that is supported on one end by a pin support and supported on the other end by a roller support.
- 5. A diagram used to isolate a body from its environment, showing all external constraints and forces acting upon it and all geometric measurements necessary to model the body.
- 6. A support condition in which translation of a structural member is restricted in two directions but rotation is not restricted. A pin support provides two perpendicular reaction forces when the member is loaded.
- 8. A condition of a frame or structure in which a slight disturbance in the loads or geometry of the structure does not produce large displacements or failure.
- 9. A reinforced concrete beam that transmits the load from a bearing wall into a spaced foundation such as pile caps or caissons.
- 10. A plot of the shear force in a beam versus the position along the axis of the beam.
- 11. The width of floor or roof along the length of a beam, measured perpendicular to the beam, representing the portion of surface from which an applied uniform load is assumed to transfer to that beam.
- 12. A beam which is supported such that the number of unknown reaction forces is greater than the number of equilibrium equations.
- 13. A single concrete footing that is essentially equal in area to the area of ground covered by the supported structure.
- 14. A category used to determine structural requirements based on occupancy of the building.
- 16. The lower part of a building, which transfers structural loads from the building to the soil.
- 19. The applied load determined by the required load combinations.
- 20. A foundation that transfers building loads into the earth well below the building structure.
- 21. The perpendicular distance from a reference point to the line of action of the force.
- 22. A force that is internal to structural elements and is needed to determine the material stress and strain.
- 23. The internal force, usually in a beam, which acts in the plane of the cross-section of the beam.
- 25. A method of designing structural elements such that the allowable strength is greater than or equal to the strength necessary to support the required load combinations.
- 27. The ability of a structure to maintain its appearance, durability, comfort for occupants, proper function of equipment, and ease of maintenance.
- 30. An engineer that is licensed to design the structural systems for a building.
- 31. The use of physical laws and mathematics to compute internal forces, stresses, and deformations.
- 34. The force exerted upon a body due to gravitational attraction to a planet.
- 37. A continuous system of structural elements that transfer an applied load to the supporting soil.
- 38. The lowest, widest part of the foundation that distributes the load over a broad area of the soil.
- 40. A foundation that transfers building loads into the Earth at the base of a column or bearing wall.
- 43. A support condition in which translation of a structural member is restricted in only one direction and rotation is not restricted. A roller support provides one reaction force when the member is loaded.
- 44. The stress at which a material begins to deform plastically.
- 47. A structural member, usually horizontal, that carries a load that is applied transverse to its length.
- 50. A long cylindrical reinforced concrete foundation element formed by drilling into firm soil and pouring concrete into the hole.
- 53. Force per unit area.
- 54. The distance between supports for a beam, girder, truss, or other horizontal structural member; to carry a load between supports.
- 55. A unit of weight equal to 1000 pounds.
- 57. A horizontal beam that supports other beams; a very large beam, especially one that is built up from other sections.