Unit 4: Absolutism & Enlightenment

2. supported freedom of speech & freedom of religion
4. commander of the Parliamentarian army that was appointed as Lord Protector of Great Britain & led the "republic"
5. czar who wanted to westernize Russia
7. believed the best form of government is a direct democracy that follows the General Will of the people
8. Prussian monarch who ruled absolutely but engaged in enlightened actions like creating a rational legal code & providing religious tolerance
10. believed in a social contract the purpose of government is to protect the natural rights to life, liberty, & property
16. signed by William & Mary, this established a constitutional monarchy in England
17. became king & queen of England after the Glorious Revolution & signed the English Bill of Rights
19. believed the government should have a separation of powers with checks & balances
20. absolute monarch of France who built the Palace of Versailles
22. the side in the English Civil Wars that supported a Parliament (constitutional monarchy) and religious freedom (also called Roundheads)
23. extravagant palace built by Louis XIV where he forced nobles to live in order to increase his power
25. fundamental rights that people have by nature, rather than by laws made by governments

1. bloodless overthrow of King James II of England led by William & Mary
3. Russian monarch who ruled absolutely but engaged in enlightened actions like providing some tolerance & equality & restricting torture
6. conflicts between Royalists & Parliamentarians over how Great Britain would be ruled
9. intellectual movement that applied reason to government & economics
11. English king who was overthrown by William & Mary in the Glorious Revolution
12. believed the economy should be capitalist, meaning supply & demand determine prices & wages & the government is not involved
13. believed that people should create a social contract with an absolute ruler who will protect them from each other
14. king of England who tried to rule absolutely, starting the English Civil Wars
15. agreement between rulers & the people to cooperate for social benefits
18. when a monarch believes all power within their country rests in their hands & they try to control all aspects of society
21. the idea that a monarch's authority comes from God, making their power absolute & their rule accountable only to God
24. the side in the English Civil Wars that supported absolute monarchy (also called Cavaliers)