Across
- 2. series of military campaigns that Christian kingdoms waged against the Muslim kingdoms following Umayyad conquest of Hispania.
- 6. system that transported enslaved African people, mainly to the Americas
- 9. colonial Andean system of rotating forced Indian labor.
- 10. infectious disease brought to the Americas by Europeans.
- 11. imperial realm spanning much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa;historically/colloquially known as the Turkish Empire.
- 12. triangular and mounted at an angle on the mast.
- 13. explorer-soldiers of the Spanish and Portuguese Empires of the 15th and 16th centuries; sailed beyond Europe during the Age of Discovery..
- 14. extraction of silver from minerals.
- 17. economic system that aimed to increase a nation's wealth and power through maximizing exports and limiting imports.
- 20. Portuguese explorer and first European to reach India by sea.
- 22. stage of Atlantic slave trade in which millions of Africans were transported to the Americas.
- 25. two crops of the the Colombian Exchange that saved millions from starvation.
- 26. core beliefs found in Nicene Creed; largest Christian church
- 27. removal and destruction of a forest.
- 28. practice of combining different beliefs and various schools of thought.
- 29. laborers contracted to work without salary for a specific number of years.
Down
- 1. abolished in 1865; Juneteenth is the celebration of its abolition.
- 3. agricultural crop grown to sell for profit.
- 4. Spanish conquistador who led the expedition causing the fall of the Mexica(Aztec)Empire.
- 5. early Spanish historian and Dominican missionary who was the first to expose the oppression of indigenous peoples by Europeans in the Americas; called for the abolition of slavery there..
- 7. divided newly conqured lands outside Europe between Portugal and Spain.
- 8. labor system that rewarded conquerors with the labor of conquered non-Christians.
- 13. small maneuverable sailing ship with lateen sails used in the 15th century by the Portuguese to explore along West African coast and into the Atlantic Ocean.
- 15. worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur.
- 16. now refers to different ethnic groups around the world; originally used to describe any person of European or African descent born in the West Indies or parts of French or Spanish America.
- 18. major part of economy of the Caribbean islands; main source of labor was enslaved Africans until the abolition of chattel slavery.
- 19. socio-racial classification system used in the Spanish American colonies.
- 21. earliest known chemical explosive first discovered in Tang dynasty China.
- 23. widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, technology, etc. between the New World and the Old World.
- 24. movement to end slavery and liberate enslaved people around the world.