Across
- 4. Times when day and night are approximately equal length (spring/fall)
- 6. Reflectivity of a surface
- 10. Conversion of water vapor to liquid water
- 15. Deflection of moving objects due to Earth's rotation
- 16. Rising of cold, nutrient-rich water from ocean depths
- 19. Downward movement of dissolved materials through soil
- 21. Periodic warming of Pacific Ocean affecting global weather
- 24. Physical breakdown of rock without chemical change
- 26. Short-term atmospheric conditions
- 29. Physical and chemical breakdown of rocks
- 30. spot Volcanic region fed by underlying mantle that is anomalously hot
- 31. Dry area on leeward side of mountains
- 33. Process of rock formation, breakdown, and reformation
- 34. Mixture of minerals, organic matter, water, and air supporting plant life
- 35. Continuous movement of water through Earth systems
- 39. Overflow of water onto normally dry land
- 40. 23.5° tilt of Earth's axis causing seasons
- 46. Lowest atmospheric layer where weather occurs
- 47. Atmospheric layer containing the ozone layer
- 50. (subsoil) Layer where minerals accumulate from upper layers
- 52. (topsoil) Surface soil rich in organic matter and minerals
- 54. Salt concentration in water
- 55. Downward movement of water through soil to groundwater
- 56. Solid rock beneath soil layers
- 57. Large-scale movement of ocean water
- 58. Land area draining into a common water body
- 63. Incoming solar radiation
- 64. Organic layer at soil surface
- 66. Upper atmospheric layer with high temperatures
- 68. Long-term patterns of temperature and precipitation
- 69. Movement of air or water due to temperature differences
- 72. Extended period of abnormally low precipitation
- 74. Sudden release of energy in Earth's crust causing ground shaking
- 77. Conversion of liquid water to water vapor
- 78. Warming of Earth due to atmospheric gases trapping heat
- 80. Rock formed from compressed sediments
- 81. Proportion of sand, silt, and clay particles
- 82. Release of water vapor from plants
- 83. Plates moving toward each other, causing subduction or mountain formation
- 84. Underlying rock from which soil develops
Down
- 1. Middle atmospheric layer where meteors burn up
- 2. Times when sun reaches highest or lowest point in sky (summer/winter)
- 3. Large circular ocean current systems
- 5. Amount of solar energy reaching a given area
- 7. Area where freshwater rivers meet saltwater ocean
- 8. Water falling from atmosphere (rain, snow, sleet, hail)
- 9. Global ocean circulation driven by temperature and salinity
- 11. Depression in ground caused by collapse of surface layer
- 12. Large ocean wave caused by underwater earthquake or landslide
- 13. Atmospheric circulation in polar regions
- 14. Force exerted by weight of air
- 17. Decomposed organic matter in soil
- 18. Prevailing winds in mid-latitudes blowing west to east
- 20. Rock formed from cooling and solidification of magma or lava
- 22. Cycle of El Niño and La Niña events
- 23. Violently rotating column of air extending from thunderstorm
- 25. Cold winds blowing from polar regions
- 27. Consistent easterly winds in tropics
- 28. Opening in Earth's crust where magma erupts to the surface
- 30. Tropical storm with sustained winds over 74 mph
- 32. Distinct layers in soil profile (O, A, B, C horizons)
- 36. Water soaking into soil
- 37. Combined evaporation and transpiration
- 38. Removal of materials from upper soil layers
- 41. Theory explaining movement of Earth's lithospheric plates
- 42. Weathered parent material
- 43. Plates sliding past each other horizontally
- 44. Plates moving apart, creating new crust
- 45. Direct conversion of ice to water vapor
- 48. Rapid downslope movement of rock and soil
- 49. Rock formed by heat and pressure altering existing rock
- 51. Accumulation of materials in lower soil layers
- 53. Fast-flowing air current in upper atmosphere
- 59. One tectonic plate moving beneath another
- 60. Rate at which water moves through soil
- 61. Area of land drained by a river system
- 62. Breakdown of rock through chemical reactions
- 65. Mid-latitude atmospheric circulation cell
- 67. Large-scale atmospheric circulation pattern in tropics
- 70. Space between soil particles for air and water
- 71. Periodic cooling of Pacific Ocean affecting global weather
- 73. Region around Pacific Ocean with high volcanic and seismic activity
- 75. Water flowing over land surface
- 76. Region of stratosphere with high ozone concentration protecting from UV radiation
- 79. Transport of weathered rock and soil by wind, water, or ice