Across
- 1. In the nineteenth century, employees developed these mostly in response to low wages and poor working conditions.
- 4. He was responsible for creating the first vaccine for smallpox.
- 8. He invented the flying shuttle.
- 10. This was Great Britain’s greatest industry during the Industrial Revolution.
- 13. This disease killed thousands of poor people in cities due to contaminated water and no modern sewer systems.
- 14. This natural resource powered the first factories of the Industrial Revolution.
- 15. Agricultural changes which took place in England during the 1600s contributed to England’s later industrial development by producing more of this with fewer workers.
- 17. The Industrial Revolution began in this country. This occurred because: 1.) The country had a large workforce and abundant natural resources. 2.) Businessmen were willing to invest money in factories and inventions. 3.) The government developed a banking system to provide entrepreneurs with loans and established laws to encourage and protect businesses.
- 18. This was required to drive economic growth during the industrial revolution. They are known as land, labor, and capital.
- 22. This policy allows the owners of industry to set all economic conditions including working conditions without government interference.
- 25. They faced various on the job dangers that included poison gas, explosions, and flooding
- 26. He stated that under capitalism, the struggle between the working class (proletariat) and the business class (bourgeoise) would lead to class warfare and end in a communist society.
- 27. They were often beaten in textile mills if they did not work fast enough.
- 28. Adam Smith prompted this economic system is his book titled The Wealth of Nations.
- 29. Agricultural improvements in Great Britain increased the food supply and improved living conditions. This led to an explosion in this and helped created a consumer society.
- 30. This included people in long-established professions, such as doctors and lawyers, as well as the new merchants, shopkeepers, factory clerks, and managers who arose as a result of large-scale industrialization. (Hint: Think of the social classes during the Industrial Revolution.)
- 32. This new form of transportation greatly impacted life in Great Britain. This included: 1.) Created hundreds of thousands of new jobs for railroad workers and miners. 2.) Improved the agriculture and fishing industries as their products could be transported long distances. 3.) Transportation of people, products, and resources became easier as major cities were connected by railroad lines.
- 33. This industry was the first to embrace machinery in the production of products. The cloth / fabric that was produced is also known as this.
- 35. The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive process for the mass production of this metal.
- 36. They were the owners of wealth used in business. They organized, oversaw, and ran the factories. These people came from a variety of backgrounds – some were born into wealthy families, others were inventors, farmers, or merchants. All managed to become rich and powerful through their adaptability to fast changes, leadership, and energy. (Hint: Think of the social classes during the Industrial Revolution.)
Down
- 1. His research into germ theory in the nineteenth century is significant because it proved that cleanliness helps to prevent infections.
- 2. They earned one-half to one-third of men’s wages in the textile industry.
- 3. These were poverty-stricken workers who congregated in the slums around factories and lived in appalling conditions. It was extremely difficult for children of working-class parents to move to a higher class. Upward mobility required education, which was often a luxury not available to children in factories. (Hint: Think of the social classes during the Industrial Revolution.)
- 5. He was responsible for improving the steam engine by making it faster and more efficient than previous versions. This version of the steam engine was eventually used in boats.
- 6. He invented the cotton gin.
- 7. He invented the telephone.
- 9. working conditions in this location during the Industrial Revolution included 12 to 14 hour work day / 6 days a week, Overseers (managers) fined workers or threatened to fire them if they were not paying close attention to their work at all times and workers risked losing limbs from loud, unguarded machines or getting serious throat or lung infections from the hot, polluted factory air.
- 11. They are a type of person that operates, organizes, manages, and takes on the financial risk of a business.
- 12. In the mid-1700s, trade contributed to the early growth of an industrial economy in Great Britain because it gave British entrepreneurs the capital needed to open more of these.
- 16. He developed the first x-rays, which enabled doctors to see what procedures needed to be done before surgery.
- 19. The manufacturing of large quantities of standardized products often using assembly lines and machinery.
- 20. He invented the Spinning Jenny.
- 21. The living conditions for the urban poor during the Industrial Revolution could be described as this. This included the following details: 1.) Without proper sewers or trash collection, garbage littered the streets, so diseases like typhoid, measles, and cholera spread quickly. 2.) Crime was a persistent problem since there was no official police force. 3.) Families lived in poorly constructed housing and often shared one toilet and water pump.
- 23. To increase production output during the Industrial Revolution, businesses primarily invested in this.
- 24. The British government attempted to solve the problems of child labor by creating these that mandated (ordered) that children be educated for a certain number of hours per day and insisted that all students learn the basic skills of reading, writing, and arithmetic.
- 31. This term describes the mass migration of people to cities looking for work.
- 33. He invented the light bulb.
- 34. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels promoted this economic system. They believed that the government should own all the factories & make sure everyone is employed.