Across
- 3. Powers of the U.S. federal government not explicitly written in the Constitution but are assumed to be necessary to implement the expressed powers.
- 6. A religious revival movement in the U.S. during the early 19th century, which emphasized individual salvation, personal faith, and social reforms, and had a lasting impact on American religion and social issues.
- 7. The 1803 acquisition by the United States of the Louisiana territory from France, which doubled the size of the U.S. and expanded it westward.
- 10. A tax or duty imposed by a government on imported or exported goods, often used to protect domestic industries.
- 11. A U.S. foreign policy statement issued by President James Monroe in 1823, declaring that European nations should not interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.
- 14. The movement to end slavery, which gained prominence in the U.S. during the 19th century, leading up to the Civil War and the eventual emancipation of enslaved people.
- 15. Powers explicitly granted to the U.S. federal government by the Constitution, such as the power to tax, regulate commerce, and declare war.
- 17. Loyalty to the interests of one's own region or section of the country, rather than the country as a whole; this was a major factor leading up to the American Civil War.
- 18. A social movement that advocated for moderation or abstinence in the consumption of alcohol; it gained momentum in the 19th century and was a key part of social reform efforts in the U.S.
- 19. To withdraw formally from a federation or body, especially a political state; famously, Southern states seceded from the Union before the Civil War.
- 20. An economic plan championed by Henry Clay in the early 19th century that advocated for a strong banking system, protective tariffs, and federally funded internal improvements to promote industrial growth and national unity.
Down
- 1. The act of freeing someone from slavery or oppression; in the U.S., it often refers to President Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation of 1863, which declared the freedom of slaves in Confederate states during the Civil War.
- 2. The period of rapid industrial growth and technological innovation that began in the late 18th century and transformed economies from agrarian to industrial, particularly in the U.S. and Europe.
- 4. The term used by supporters of Andrew Jackson to describe the alleged deal between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay during the 1824 presidential election, where Adams was elected president by the House of Representatives and Clay became his Secretary of State.
- 5. The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., roads, bridges, water supply, and power grids) needed for the operation of a society.
- 8. The idea that states can invalidate or nullify federal laws deemed unconstitutional; famously associated with the Nullification Crisis in the 1830s.
- 9. The movement advocating for women's right to vote, which culminated in the passage of the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920, granting women the right to vote.
- 12. A political movement during the presidency of Andrew Jackson that emphasized greater democracy for the common man, expanding voting rights, and opposing elites.
- 13. Act: A law passed in 1830 during Andrew Jackson's presidency that authorized the forced relocation of Native American tribes from their ancestral lands in the southeastern U.S. to territories west of the Mississippi River.
- 16. The forced march of thousands of Native Americans, particularly the Cherokee, from their lands in the southeastern U.S. to designated Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma), resulting in the deaths of thousands due to harsh conditions.