UNIT 4 VOCABULARY

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Across
  1. 4. transport chain series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions
  2. 5. respiration process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen
  3. 7. process that requires oxygen
  4. 9. cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
  5. 12. organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
  6. 14. process that does not require oxygen
  7. 16. organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer
  8. 18. process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
  9. 19. reactions set of reactions in photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH
  10. 20. compound used by cells to store and release energy
Down
  1. 1. ability to do work
  2. 2. first set of reactions in cellular respiration during which one molecule of glucose (a 6 carbon compound) is transformed into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (a 3 carbon compound)
  3. 3. Acid Fermentation process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen; produces lactic acid
  4. 6. saclike photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts
  5. 7. fermentation process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen; produces carbon dioxide and alcohol
  6. 8. cycle second stage of cellular respiration in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions
  7. 10. organism that obtains food by consuming other living things; also called a consumer
  8. 11. measure of heat energy in food; equivalent to 1000 calories
  9. 13. reactions set of reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light; energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar; also called the Calvin cycle
  10. 15. fluid portion of the chloroplast; outside of the thylakoids
  11. 17. light-absorbing molecules used by plants to gather the sun’s energy