Unit 4 Vocabulary

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Across
  1. 1. cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
  2. 5. second stage of cellular respiration in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions
  3. 7. first set of reactions in cellular respiration during which one molecule of glucose (a 6 carbon compound) is transformed into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (a 3 carbon compound)
  4. 9. process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen; produces lactic acid
  5. 10. organisms that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer
  6. 11. organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
  7. 12. process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
  8. 13. compound used by cells to store and release energy
  9. 14. light-absorbing molecules used by plants to gather the sun’s energy
  10. 16. ability to do work
  11. 17. compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body
  12. 18. series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions
  13. 20. process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen; produces carbon dioxide and alcohol
  14. 21. simple sugar molecule
  15. 22. set of reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light; energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar; also called the Calvin cycle
Down
  1. 2. process that does not require oxygen
  2. 3. process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen
  3. 4. saclike photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts
  4. 6. measure of heat energy in food; equivalent to 1000 calories
  5. 8. fluid portion of the chloroplast; outside of the thylakoids
  6. 9. set of reactions in photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH
  7. 12. a complex carbohydrate made up of many monosaccharides
  8. 15. process that requires oxygen
  9. 19. organism that obtains food by consuming other living things; also called a consumer