Across
- 2. A pass that the Portuguese required of all merchant vessels attempting to trade in the Indian Ocean.
- 4. A person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry.
- 7. Kangxi greatly expanded Qing China
- 13. Revolt Native Americans revolt against the Spanish in the late 17th century; expelled the Spanish for over 10 years; Spain began to take an accommodating approach to Natives after the revolt
- 14. He An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa.
- 15. company a company whose stock is owned jointly by the shareholders.
- 18. Persons of mixed European and African ancestry
- 19. system A system in colonial Spain of determining a person's social importance according to different racial categories.
- 21. A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it
- 22. Passage the sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the West Indies.
- 25. The act of illegally importing or exporting goods
Down
- 1. empires Built initially by the Portuguese, these were used to control the trade routes by forcing merchant vessels to call at fortified trading sites and pay duties there.
- 3. Great Dying the devastation of American Indian populations by diseases brought over from Europe
- 5. da Gama the first European to reach India by sea sailing around the tip of Africa.
- 6. Located in Bolivia, one of the richest silver mining centers and most populous cities in colonial Spanish America.
- 8. Spanish-born, came to Latin America; ruled, highest social class.
- 9. An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
- 10. Henry the Navigator This was the Portuguese Prince that gave steadfast financial and moral support to the navigators
- 11. Destruction of forests
- 12. Exchange The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.
- 16. India Company British joint-stock company that grew to be a state within a state in India; it possessed its own armed forces.
- 17. Communities African refugees who had escaped slavery in the Americas and developed their own communities in Brazil and the Caribbean.
- 19. In colonial Spanish America, term used to describe someone of European descent born in the New World. Elsewhere in the Americas, the term is used to describe all nonnative peoples.
- 20. Capital of Philippines
- 23. East India Company Government-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies.
- 24. Dynasty A major dynasty that ruled China. It was marked by a great expansion of Chinese commerce into East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia