Unit 4.1 to 4.3

3. A narrow strategic passageway such as a strait or canal where movement is restricted, making it critical for global trade or military control.
4. A defined area under the control of a government or group.
7. An area within a state that has some self-governance due to cultural or ethnic differences.
10. The continued economic or political influence of former colonial powers over independent developing nations, usually through trade, investment, or cultural dominance.
11. state A state that contains multiple ethnic groups that do not necessarily see themselves as separate nations.
13. forces Forces that unify a country, such as shared language, culture, or national pride.
16. A group of people with a shared cultural identity, history, language, or heritage who desire self-rule.
17. forces Forces that divide a state, such as ethnic conflict or uneven development.
20. The transfer of power from a central government to regional or local governments, often due to cultural, ethnic, or economic pressures.
21. A strong loyalty or devotion to a nation that can unify people within a state or motivate movements for independence.
23. The belief that nations or peoples have the right to govern themselves and make their own political decisions.

1. The study of how geography influences political power, international relations, and decision-making among states.
2. A state's full control over its internal and external affairs without interference.
5. The process by which colonies gain independence from a colonial power, often following nationalist movements and political pressure.
6. Countries that are officially independent but heavily influenced or controlled by a more powerful state, often politically or militarily.
8. The right of a nation or people to govern themselves and form their own state.
9. state A state that contains two or more distinct nations within its borders.
12. A state whose political boundaries align closely with the territory of a single nation.
14. A group's or individual's strong attachment to and defense of a geographic area.
15. nation A cultural group that lacks a recognized, sovereign state of its own.
18. A state's attempt to reclaim territory inhabited by people with cultural ties to that state.
19. A politically organized area with a permanent population, defined boundaries, and a government recognized by other states.
22. Strong loyalty to a nation that may lead to independence movements.