Across
- 1. according to Spearman and others, underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
- 6. the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
- 9. a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age. Thus, a child who does as well as an average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8
- 10. a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores
- 11. a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing
- 12. the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
- 13. retention of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and “declare.” (Also called declarative memory)
- 15. a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again
- 19. a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test
- 20. the persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
- 21. in psychology, passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals
- 23. originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, IQ = ma/ca × 100). On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100
- 25. a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean (about 68 percent fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer near the extremes
- 26. the process of retaining encoded information over time
- 27. the widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet’s original intelligence test
- 30. defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group
Down
- 2. the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
- 3. processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain’s natural mode of information processing for many functions
- 4. activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as digits of a phone number while calling, before the information is stored or forgotten
- 5. unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings
- 7. a test designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn
- 8. this and its companion versions for children are the most widely used intelligence tests; they contain verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests
- 14. a test designed to assess what a person has learned
- 16. encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
- 17. a measure of memory in which the person identifies items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test
- 18. the process of getting information into the memory system—for example, by extracting meaning
- 22. the process of getting information out of memory storage
- 24. a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person’s total score
- 28. a newer understanding of short-term memory that adds conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory
- 29. the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences