Across
- 6. A deep valley formed by the separation of tectonic plates.
- 11. Extensive lava flows covering vast areas.
- 13. A logarithmic scale measuring earthquake magnitude.
- 16. A small, steep volcano made of volcanic fragments.
- 19. The periodic switch in Earth's magnetic field direction.
- 21. A large crater formed by volcanic collapse or eruption.
- 23. A stationary magma source that creates volcanic islands.
- 26. A volcanic channel transporting magma to the surface.
- 27. The process of one tectonic plate sinking beneath another.
- 28. A fast-moving cloud of volcanic ash, gas, and rock.
- 29. A tall volcano with alternating lava and ash layers.
- 31. A large ocean wave triggered by earthquakes or other disturbances.
Down
- 1. The process of mountain formation through tectonic forces.
- 2. A mountain formed by shifting fault lines.
- 3. A plate boundary where two plates collide.
- 4. The force pulling a subducting plate into the mantle.
- 5. The fastest seismic wave that travels through solids and liquids.
- 7. The force applied to rocks that causes deformation.
- 8. The energy released by an earthquake.
- 9. A line on a map showing equal geological age.
- 10. The gradual movement of continents over Earth's surface.
- 11. The underground point where an earthquake originates.
- 12. A tectonic boundary where plates slide past each other.
- 14. A fracture in Earth's crust where movement occurs.
- 15. The resistance of a fluid, like lava, to flow.
- 17. The height of a seismic wave from its resting position.
- 18. Rock fragments ejected during a volcanic eruption.
- 20. The equilibrium between Earth's crust and mantle due to buoyancy.
- 22. The processes associated with magma movement and eruptions.
- 24. Energy waves produced by earthquakes.
- 25. A body of intrusive igneous rock beneath Earth's surface.
- 30. A small tectonic plate that moves independently.