Unit 5

3. Interaction involving a hydrogen atom located between a pair of other atoms having a high affinity for electrons.
6. A single DNA strand that, during DNA replication, is replicated in the 3’ - 5’ direction.
11. A chemical compound that is used to make one of the building blocks of DNA and RNA.
12. A chemical compound used to make one of the building blocks of DNA.
13. Large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses.
15. a region of DNA upstream of a gene where relevant proteins (such as RNA polymerase and transcription factors) bind to initiate transcription of that gene.
17. The process of making an RNA copy of a gene’s DNA sequence.
18. A genetic alteration caused by the substitution of a single nucleotide for another nucleotide.
19. The sequence of DNA in between exons that is initially copied into RNA but is cut out of the final RNA transcript and therefore does not change the amino acid code.
20. Enzymes that bind and may even remodel nucleic acid or nucleic acid protein complexes.

1. A sugar derived from ribose by replacing a hydroxyl group with hydrogen.
2. The sequence of DNA present in mature messenger RNA, some of which encodes the amino acids of protein.
4. The insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases in numbers that are not multiples of three.
5. The process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA.
7. An enzyme that is responsible for copying a DNA sequence into a RNA sequence, during the process of transcription.
8. Any change in the DNA sequences of a cell.
9. A single DNA strand that, during DNA replication, is replicated in the 5’ - 3’ direction. (opposite direction to the replication fork)
10. Basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child.
14. genetic code.
16. A type of sugar normally made in the body from glucose.