Unit 5: Agriculture & Rural Land-Use Patterns & Processes

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Across
  1. 3. process by which soil is contaminated by chemicals
  2. 5. dating back 10,000 years, it achieved plant domestication and animal domestication
  3. 7. shows that various land users are prepared and able to pay for access to the market- further from the CBD, the lower the cost
  4. 11. movement of people who prefer to eat foods which are grown relatively close to the places of sale and preparation
  5. 12. improved methods of cultivation, harvesting, and storage of food that started in the Middle Ages and benefitted from the Industrial Revolution
  6. 14. type of agriculture requiring expenditure of much labor and capital on a piece of land to increase its productivity
  7. 15. seasonal migration of domesticated livestock, usually fixed territory between highlands and lowlands
  8. 17. a seasonal periodic movement of pastoralists and their livestock between highland and lowland pastures
  9. 19. a patch of land cleared for planting thorough slashing and burning
  10. 20. the cultivation of aquatic organisms (as fish or shellfish) especially for food
  11. 21. activities involved in the creation of a product: design, productions of raw materials, manufacturing and assembly, distribution
  12. 22. means any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use
  13. 25. clearing of forests to make the land available for other uses
  14. 27. cost advantages gained by an increased level of production
  15. 28. agriculture takes the form of roof-top, balcony, backyard gardening, as well as vacant lots and parks in urban areas
  16. 33. highly, mechanized, large-scale farming, usually under corporate ownership
  17. 34. type of agricultural process using farming methods that are profitable, environmentally sound, and good for communities
  18. 36. foods that have increased in value due to alterations in production, size, shape, appearance, location, and/or convenience
  19. 40. small scale food production (fruits/veggies) for sale at local markets
  20. 43. type of agriculture with dry-summer climates that produces certain fruits, vegetables, and grains- grapes, olives, figs, barley
  21. 44. specialized crops not typically not essential to human survival
  22. 45. process by which the amount of salt increases in the soil
  23. 46. model that explains what economic activities are located where and why, illustrates relationship between land and transportation cost
  24. 47. highly dependent on one or more export commodities
  25. 48. animals kept for some utilitarian purpose whose breeding is controlled by humans and whose survival is dependent on humans; differ genetically and behaviorally from wild animals
Down
  1. 1. commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because the word was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities
  2. 2. the state of being without reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious foods
  3. 4. growing one crop in a farm system at a given time
  4. 6. the production of crops for sale
  5. 8. rectangular survey system used by the U.S. federal government to divide land into grid-like pattern
  6. 9. divided land into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or, canals giving each house equal access to water
  7. 10. a type of settlement form where people live relatively distant from each other
  8. 13. survey of irregularly shaped tracts of land, natural features such as streams, hills, and trees
  9. 16. geographic area where large grocery stores are scarce or missing and residents have limited access to fresh, nutritious foods
  10. 18. process by which fertile land becomes desert as a result of human activity
  11. 23. facilitated the global diffusion of plants, animals, diseases, human population, and ideas
  12. 24. organisms whose genes have been modified to increase things such as control over it, predictability, and efficiency
  13. 26. individuals who pledge support to a farm operation so that the growers and consumers provide mutual support
  14. 29. a relatively dense settlement form
  15. 30. cash crops (cotton, coffee, sugar, tea) grown on large estates, usually for export
  16. 31. type of agriculture requiring use of little labor and capital to increase agricultural productivity
  17. 32. farming to supply the minimum food and materials necessary to survive.
  18. 35. cultivation of crops in tropical forest clearings in which forest vegetation has been removed by cutting and burning
  19. 37. the practice of rotating the use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil
  20. 38. trade between companies in MDC's and LDC's in which fair prices are paid to producers
  21. 39. rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizer
  22. 41. approach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs
  23. 42. flat steps are created on the side of hills to create more land for farming