Across
- 1. An alternative method of trade which promotes enviromentalism, fair wages, alleviation of global poverty and a fair price for growers.
- 4. An agricultural method where two or more crops are planted in the same field at the same time to promote growth.
- 5. When animals are used for meat or dairy products but are kept indoors in very small spaces (CAFO).
- 6. The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.
- 9. The property whereby long-run average total cost falls as the quantity of output increases.
- 11. The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.
- 14. The set of economic and political relationships that organize food production for commercial purposes.
- 16. The process of changing plants or animals to make them more useful to humans.
- 18. A chain of activities from the manufacturing to the distribution of a product.
- 21. Raising marine and freshwater fish in ponds and underwater cages.
- 22. A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.
- 23. The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.
- 24. Tools and equipment were modified, methods of soil preparation, fertilization, crop care, and harvesting improved the organization of agriculture made more efficient.
- 26. A pattern of settlements in which homes and other buildings follow the lines taken by the road.
- 29. A worldwide network to maximize profits in production.
- 33. Production system based on a large estate owned by an individual, family, or corporation and organized to produce a cash crop.
- 35. Hot humid climate that produces certain plants, such as cassava, banana, sugar cane, sweet potato, papaya, rice, and maize.
- 37. A model that explains the location of agricultural activities in a commercial, profit-making economy.
- 39. An extensive commercial agricultural activity that involves the raising of livestock over vast geographic spaces.
- 40. The small-scale production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers as cash crops sold directly to local consumers.
- 41. A crescent-shaped area in Southwest Asia where settled farming first began to emerge. (agricultural hearth).
- 42. Specialized farming that occurs only in areas where the dry-summer Mediterranean climate prevails.
- 43. Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield, seeds and fertilizers.
- 44. The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.
- 45. Crops that are produced in specialized ways that consumers like (organic, free range, non-GMO).
- 46. Expenditure of much labor and capital on a piece of land to increase its productivity. high input/big area.
- 47. A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.
- 48. Weather pattern characterized by mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers.
- 49. The production of food primarily for consumption by the farmer's family.
Down
- 1. A condition in which people do not have the adequate access to food.
- 2. Places where livestock are concentrated in a very small area and raised on hormones and hearty grains that prepare them for slaughter at much more rapid rate than grazing.
- 3. In arid regions, irrigation water evaporates, leaving salts behind.
- 7. A type of irrigation that waters crops using sprinkler systems on huge turning wheels.
- 8. The cutting out of flat areas (terraces) into near vertical slopes to allow farming.
- 10. Geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand on land increases with proximity to the CBD.
- 12. Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.
- 13. Dating back 10,000 years, it achieved plant domestication. Farming is born.
- 15. Another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris.
- 17. Divided land into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals (French).
- 19. An agricultural system characterized by low inputs of labor and capital per unit land area. Low input/big area.
- 20. Commercial farming characterized by integration of crops and livestock.
- 25. The process of supplying water to areas of land to make them suitable for growing crops.
- 27. Growing more than one crop a year on the same land.
- 28. Rectangular survey system used by the US federal government to divide the land into a grid like pattern designed by Thomas Jefferson.
- 30. A type of survey system in which natural features are used go demarcate irregular parcels of land (started in England)
- 31. The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.
- 32. An area characterized by a lack of affordable, fresh and nutritious food.
- 34. A rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other and fields surround the settlement.
- 36. A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages.
- 38. Farming strategy in which large fields are planted with a single crop, year after year.