Across
- 5. A Supreme Court decision that ruled that African Americans were not citizens and that Congress could not prohibit slavery in the territories.
- 9. A formal process in which an official is accused of unlawful activity, the outcome of which, depending on the country, may include removal from office as well as criminal or civil punishment.
- 10. Restrictive laws passed by Southern states after the Civil War to restrict the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force.
- 11. An executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War, declaring the freedom of slaves in the Confederate states.
- 12. A package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850 that defused a four-year political confrontation between slave and free states regarding the status of territories acquired during the Mexican-American War.
- 14. Prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
- 15. The withdrawal of a state from the Union.
- 16. Granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States, including former slaves, and guaranteed all citizens "equal protection of the laws."
- 17. This act created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and allowed the settlers in each territory to determine whether to allow slavery through popular sovereignty.
- 18. A speech delivered by Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, articulating the principles of human equality espoused by the Declaration of Independence and redefining the Civil War as a struggle for national unity and the end of slavery.
- 19. A republic formed in February 1861, composed of the eleven Southern states that seceded from the United States in order to preserve slavery and states' rights.
- 20. The principle that the authority of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives, who are the source of all political power.
Down
- 1. Passed as part of the Compromise of 1850, it required that all escaped slaves were, upon capture, to be returned to their masters and that officials and citizens of free states had to cooperate in this law.
- 2. The period after the Civil War during which the United States attempted to rebuild and politically and economically transform the former Confederate states.
- 3. The 19th-century belief that the United States was destined to expand across the North American continent, justified by a sense of cultural and racial superiority
- 4. A series of violent civil confrontations in Kansas Territory, United States, between 1854 and 1861 which emerged from a political and ideological debate over the legality of slavery in the proposed state of Kansas.
- 6. Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
- 7. An informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election. It resulted in the United States federal government pulling the last troops out of the South, and formally ended the Reconstruction Era.
- 8. A faction of American politicians within the Republican Party from about 1854 until the end of Reconstruction in 1877 who strongly opposed slavery during the war and after the war distrusted ex-Confederates, demanding harsh policies for the former rebel states, and emphasizing civil rights and voting rights for freedmen.
- 13. An agency of the War Department set up in 1865 to assist freed slaves in obtaining relief, land, jobs, education, and fair treatment.