Across
- 5. A method of determining the exact age of rocks, fossils, or archaeological artifacts using techniques like radiometric dating, which measures the decay of radioactive isotopes.
- 7. The time required for half of a radioactive isotope in a sample to decay into its daughter product.
- 10. A gap or break in the geological record where rock layers have been eroded or where deposition was not continuous.
- 14. A principle in geology stating that a rock formation or fault that cuts through other layers is younger than the layers it cuts across.
- 15. A diagram or visual representation that shows a vertical slice through layers of rock or soil, providing a side view of geological structures.
Down
- 1. The stable isotopes or elements formed as a result of the radioactive decay of a parent isotope.
- 2. A geological principle stating that in undisturbed rock layers, the oldest layers are at the bottom, and the youngest layers are at the top.
- 3. The process by which unstable atomic nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation, transforming into different elements or isotopes.
- 4. The vast time scale that represents Earth's history, divided into eons, eras, periods, and epochs.
- 6. The original radioactive isotopes that decay into daughter products over time.
- 8. The preserved remains, impressions, or traces of once-living organisms, typically found in sedimentary rock.
- 9. The permanent disappearance of a species or group of organisms from Earth.
- 11. A method of determining the relative order of events or objects without determining their exact age, often using the principles of stratigraphy.
- 12. Bodies of igneous rock that form when magma cools and solidifies within preexisting rock layers.
- 13. Fossils of organisms that lived during a relatively short, specific time period and are used to help determine the age of rock layers.