Across
- 6. The region known as the Middle East is found on this continent, or by some definitions of the region, primarily on this continent.
- 7. This term describes people who move around a lot to find their water and food and usually call a specific region their home.
- 9. In Arabia, the name of the leader of a region, province or state within a nation is called a __________.
- 11. Pillar of Islam, meaning that Muslims must give a share of their wealth to help the needy and the Muslim community.
- 15. A piece of land that juts out into a body of water and either (a) is surrounded on three sides by that water, or (b) has most of its land bordering that same water.
- 17. A __________ is the political and religious successor to Muhammed who is supposed to continue the work of spreading Islam and being the example of a good Muslim.
- 18. The __________ is an instrument that uses the locations of the stars to help sailors know their location anywhere on the Earth’s surface. Europeans were eventually able to sail the Atlantic Ocean and “discover” North and South American with this device.
- 20. __________ is a style of artistic expression, mixing Arab, Turk, and Persian traditions of using letters, plants, and abstract figures in repeated geometric patterns to cover an object or surface.
- 22. If someone makes a claim of __________, s/he is asserting that someone who is lending money is charging too much interest, which makes the loan too difficult to pay back.
- 23. The name of the prophet of Islam.
- 25. A/an __________ is the covered market areas of a city, where the buying and selling of goods and services takes place. This term is often used in the Middle East, in North and Central Africa, in Central Asia, and on the Indian subcontinent.
- 26. People earn income by working and trading. By earning an income, we hope to build __________, which is assets that we (i) hold onto over the long-term to help us live better, (ii) use in the event we are unable to earn income, and (iii) hope to pass on to our children to help them with their own well-being as we age and die.
- 28. The legal code developed by Muslims scholars that should be followed if believers want to live consistently with the words of Muslim sacred texts. (Do not put an apostrophe [ ‘ ] in your answer even though some people spell this term with it)
- 29. Three of the most famous pieces of literature from the period of the Islamic empires are “__________,” “Sinbad the Sailor,” and “Ali Babi and the 40 Thieves.”
- 31. Pillar of Islam, meaning that Muslims are obligated to pray 5 times each day at specific times.
- 34. Route that extended from the southwest corner of the Arabian Peninsula to southern Israel. Historians estimate that there were approximately 65 stops along the route, which ran ~100 miles east of, and inland from, the Red Sea.
- 35. Someone who lends money
- 36. Someone who borrows money
- 38. The city of __________ is the most important city in the Islamic religion. It also served as one of the most important cities along the Incense Route because water was consistently available there.
- 39. Architecturally, a/an __________ is a tower with a staircase on the outside.
- 41. A __________ is when a religious person takes a journey to a place that is sacred to his/her religion.
Down
- 1. Nomadic herding peoples of the Middle East, the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa.
- 2. In Arabia, the name for a region, province or state within a nation is called a __________.
- 3. __________ Muslims believe that Abu Bakr was properly chosen to be Muhammed’s successor by the community. They believe that a caliph should be chosen in an election or by consensus within the community. (if applicable, do not put an apostrophe [ ‘ ] in your answer even though some people spell this term with it)
- 4. The Abbasid Dynasty was considered a “__________” for the era of the Islamic empires because (a) trade and culture flourished, (b) technology and education improved, (c) there was peace throughout most of the empire, and (d) there was little political turbulence during that time.
- 5. The concept of __________ recognizes that non-Muslims could freely practice their own religions within the Islamic empires, but they were required to follow certain other laws, which recognized them as conquered peoples.
- 6. In architecture, a/an __________ is a covered passageway with arches along one or both sides.
- 8. __________ Muslims believe that Muhammed’s closest living relative, Ali, was chosen by God to succeed Muhammed as caliph. They believe that only God can appoint someone as a prophet, which then gives God the prerogative to appoint his successor. (if applicable, do not put an apostrophe [ ‘ ] in your answer even though some people spell this term with it)
- 10. The name given to the religious text for Islam.
- 12. Largest country found on the Arabian Peninsula today.
- 13. __________ refers to the idea that Muslims should always continue to strive in the way of God.
- 14. The region known as the “__________ of Africa” is where a lot of incense originated and was traded for thousands of years, from the time of the Ancient Egyptians to the Middle Ages.
- 15. The __________ is the body of water found east-northeast of the Arabian Peninsula and where a lot of tankers and supertankers carrying oil travel from the Middle East to the rest of the world.
- 16. Pillar of Islam, meaning that Muslims should believe in no other god, except God, and that God only has one prophet that people should now follow.
- 19. Term used to describe a society in which men hold power to make decisions for everyone else in that community, and laws and customs are typically designed to prevent anyone else from gaining authority in that community.
- 21. Today’s Arabs and Israelites do not get along, primarily due to their religious differences. However, their core languages are related to each other. They are both from the __________ language family.
- 23. A/an __________ is a person who is similar to what westerners might call a “town crier,” but his job is to call Muslims to prayer 5 times each day.
- 24. Pillar of Islam, meaning that Muslims should perform a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once during their lifetime.
- 27. Charles “the __________” Martel is credited with stopping the advance of Muslims into Europe.
- 30. Pagans are generally considered to be people who believe in and worship many gods and goddesses. In contrast, Jews, Christians and Muslims are __________, which means that they only believe in and worship one God.
- 31. The male leader of a tribe who is selected to enforce tribal laws/customs and is often chosen by tribal elders to hold the position.
- 32. The __________ Sea is the name given to the regional body of water that must be traveled between the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent, so that these two regions can trade with each other. It is found in the northwest portion of the Indian Ocean.
- 33. The country of __________ is found in the southwest corner of the Arabian Peninsula, where a lot of the incense trade originated on the “Incense Route.” Today, a lot of pirates use this country as a base of operations to attack merchant ships traveling between the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden.
- 37. The name Muslims use to refer to God.
- 39. __________ facilitates trade by having everyone use currency and coins to exchange goods and services, instead of having to find someone with whom to barter.
- 40. Pillar of Islam, meaning that Muslims must give up their consumption of food and drink during daylight hours in the month of Ramadan.