Across
- 1. Organized in 1816 to encourage colonization of free blacks to Africa; West African nation of Liberia founded in 1822 to serve as a homeland for them.
- 3. Turning point of the War that made it clear the North would win. 50,000 people died, and the South lost its chance to invade the North.
- 7. A widespread reform movement, led by militant Christians, focused on reducing the use of alcoholic beverages.
- 8. A reformer and pioneer in the movement to treat the insane as mentally ill, beginning in the 1820's, she was responsible for improving conditions in jails, poorhouses and insane asylums throughout the U.S. and Canada. She succeeded in persuading many states to assume responsibility for the care of the mentally ill. She served as the Superintendant of Nurses for the Union Army during the Civil War.
- 10. Agreement w/ Mexico that gave the US parts of present-day New Mexico & Arizona in exchange for $10 million; all but completed the continental expansion envisioned by those who believed in Manifest Destiny.
- 11. Political party that favored harsh punishment of Southern states after Civil War
- 12. an escaped slave who joined the Union army during the Civil War
- 15. Single bloodiest day of the American Civil War; Union victory that turned back a Confederate invasion of the North.
- 16. Supreme Court case that decided US Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in federal territories and slaves, as private property, could not be taken away without due process - basically slaves would remain slaves in non-slave states and slaves could not sue because they were not citizens
- 20. A ''rehearsal for Reconstruction'' in an attempt to make self-reliant, productive citizens of former slaves on an island off the coast of South Carolina.
- 22. This Act was passed by Congress which was vetoed by President Johnson. This Act invalidated the state govn'ts formed under the Lincoln & Johnson plans and all the legal decisions made by those govn'ts.
- 24. Transcendentalist commune in West Roxbury, Massachusetts, populated from 1841 to 1847 principally by writers (Nathaniel Hawthorne, for one) and other intellectuals.
- 26. abolished slavery
- 28. This proviso never became law but was endorsed by the state legislature of free states, and stated that slavery was prohibited in every state acquired in the Mexican War.
- 29. 1854 - Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty.
- 32. A political party dedicated to stopping the expansion of slavery
- 34. A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.
- 35. designed to cool heated north-south tensions. calif. was admitted as a free state, texas got cash, but lost land, due to pop. sovereignty, new mexico and utah were open to slavery, and a fugitive slave law was strengthened. clearly, senate favored north
- 36. Ideal communities that offered innovative social and economic relationships to those who were interested in achieving salvation.
- 37. A secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights.
- 38. Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War
- 39. Founded in 1833, the organization that sought an immediate end to slavery and the establishment of equality for black Americans. It split in 1840 after disputes about the role of women within the organization and other issues.
- 40. Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws
Down
- 2. impeached for the charge of High Crimes and Misdemeanors on February 24, 1868 of which one of the articles of impeachment was violating the Tenure of Office Act. He had removed Edwin M. Stanton, the Secretary of War, from office and replaced him with Adjutant General Lorenzo Thomas
- 4. Rule adopted by House of Representatives in 1836 prohibiting consideration of abolitionist petitions; opposition, led by former president John Quincy Adams, succeeded in having it repealed in 1844.
- 5. 1870 and 1871 laws that made it a federal offense to interfere with a citizen's right to vote
- 6. The abolitionist strategy that sought to end slavery by persuading both slaveowners and complicit northerners that the institution was evil.
- 9. This secured the rights of freedmen., it gave citizenship to African- Americans
- 13. Deal made by a Republican and Democratic special congressional commission to resolve the disputed presidential election of 1876; Republican Rutherford B. Hayes, who had lost the popular vote, was declared the winner in exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops from involvement in politics in the South, marking the end of Reconstruction.
- 14. System that allowed farmers to get more credit. They used harvested crops to pay back their loans.
- 17. A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops.
- 18. A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory. The dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent.
- 19. Conflict between the US and Mexico that after the US annexation of Texas, which Mexico still considered its own; US troops fought primarily on foreign soil; covered by mass-circulation newspapers; Whigs opposed
- 21. Site of a federal arsenal where a militant abolitionist attempted to start a slave rebellion
- 23. Proclamation issued by Lincoln, freeing all slaves in areas still at war with the Union.
- 25. The bureau's focus was to provide food, medical care, administer justice, manage abandoned and confiscated property, regulate labor, and establish schools.
- 27. Religious sect founded by Mother Ann Lee in England. The United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing settled in Watervliet, New York, in 1774, and subsequently established eighteen additional communes in the Northeast, Indiana, and Kentucky.
- 30. Democrats in the south that took back the military rule and replaced with Home rule
- 31. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s 1852 antislavery novel that popularized the abolitionist position.
- 33. 1862 - Provided free land in the West to anyone willing to settle there and develop it. Encouraged westward migration.