Across
- 2. The tendency of a shared, limited resource to become depleted if it is not regulated in some way.
- 5. Dry, open grasslands primarily used for grazing cattle.
- 7. An agricultural method in which land is cleared and farmed for only a few years until the soil is depleted of nutrients. Also known as shifting agriculture.
- 8. Farming for consumption by the farming family and maybe a few neighbors.
- 11. The process of digging deep into the soil and turning it over.
- 12. Agriculture that applies the techniques of mechanization and standardization to the production of food. Also known as agribusiness.
- 14. The uppermost level at which the groundwater in a given area fully saturates the rock or soil.
- 15. Fertilizer composed of organic matter from plants and animals.
- 16. Pesticides that remain in the environment for years to decades.
- 17. Porous rock covered by soil.
- 19. Surrounded by a layer of impermeable rock or clay, which impedes water flow to or from the aquifer.
- 21. The cost or benefit of a good or service that is not included in the purchase price of that good or service, or otherwise accounted for.
- 26. An area surrounding a well that does not contain groundwater.
- 27. Total daily per capita use of fresh water for a country or the world.
- 28. The observation that average costs of production fall as output increases.
- 34. A form of soil degradation that occurs when the small amount of salts in irrigation water becomes highly concentrated on the soil surface through evaporation.
- 36. A pesticide that targets a narrow range of organisms. Also known as a selective pesticide..
- 39. A large area typically planted with a single fast-growing tree species.
- 40. The method of harvesting trees that involves the removal of single trees or a relatively small number of trees from the larger forest.
- 41. Water that naturally percolates up to the surface.
- 43. The replacement of human labor with machines.
- 44. A pesticide that kills many different types of pest.
- 46. A trait possessed by certain individuals that are exposed to a pesticide and survive.
- 47. A pesticide that specifically targets rodents.
- 48. Agriculture that applies the techniques of mechanization and standardization to the production of food. Also known as industrial agriculture.
- 49. A form of soil degradation that occurs when soil remains under water for prolonged periods.
- 50. Fertilizer produced commercially, normally with the use of fossil fuels. Also known as synthetic fertilizer.
- 51. A form of irrigation where a slowly dripping hose on the ground or buried beneath the soil delivers water directly to the plant roots.
Down
- 1. An approach to removing trees from forests in ways that do not unduly affect the viability of other noncommercial tree species.
- 3. Pesticides that break down relatively rapidly, usually in weeks to months, and have fewer long-term effects but because they must be applied more often their overall environmental impact is not always lower than that of persistent pesticides.
- 4. A form of irrigation where the farmer digs trenches, or furrows, along the crop rows and fills them with water.
- 6. A pesticide that specifically targets fungi (the plural of fungus).
- 9. An agricultural practice that uses a variety of techniques to minimize pesticide inputs.
- 10. A method of harvesting trees that involves removing all or almost all of the trees within an area.
- 13. A shift in agricultural practices in the twentieth century that included new management techniques and mechanization, as well as the triad of fertilization, irrigation, and improved crop varieties, that resulted in increased food output.
- 18. A well created by drilling a hole into a confined aquifer
- 20. A 1973 U.S. law designed to protect plant and animal species that are threatened with extinction, and the habitats that support those species.
- 22. dominated by trees and other woody vegetation and sometimes used for commercial logging.
- 23. Pore spaces found within permeable layers of rock and sediment underneath the soil that store groundwater.
- 24. An agricultural method that utilizes large plantings of a single species or variety.
- 25. The process by which water from precipitation percolates through the soil into groundwater.
- 29. Fertilizer produced commercially, normally with the use of fossil fuels. Also known as inorganic fertilizer.
- 30. The fossil fuel energy and human energy input per calorie of food produced.
- 31. An agricultural method in which land is cleared and farmed for only a few years until the soil is depleted of nutrients. Also known as slash and burn agriculture.
- 32. A form of irrigation where an entire field is flooded with water.
- 33. The preparation of soil through a variety of activities including plowing but also including stirring, digging, and cultivating.
- 35. A pesticide that targets a narrow range of organisms. Also known as narrow-spectrum pesticide.
- 37. A pesticide that targets plant species that compete with crops.
- 38. A pesticide that targets species of insects and other invertebrates that consume crops.
- 42. A form of irrigation where water is pumped into an apparatus that contains a series of spray nozzles.
- 45. A substance, either natural or synthetic, that kills or controls organisms that people consider pests.