Across
- 1. Treaty / the British agreed to pay for damages to American ships. They also agreed to leave their forts, giving the United States control of the Northwest. In return, the United States agreed to pay debts owed to the British.
- 3. Plan / by Edmund Randolph. Under the Virginia Plan, the national legislature would be bicameral, meaning it would have two houses or groups of representatives.
- 5. Jersey Plan / Similar to the AOC it just gave congress addition powers. The plan proposed a unicameral, or one-house, legislature. Each state would have equal representation in the legislature. The New Jersey Plan also suggested a “plural executive”—that is, two or three top executives chosen by Congress.
- 6. Ordinance / It was meant to encourage orderly settlement and the formation of new states, all controlled by law. The Northwest Ordinance also promised settlers religious freedom and other civil rights. Significantly, slavery was not allowed in the Northwest Territory.
- 9. Act / The Embargo Act prohibited exports to foreign countries.
- 13. / refers to the act in which men were captured and forced into naval service
- 15. and Clark Expedition / goal was to reach the Pacific Ocean.
- 18. Convention / Delegates from 12 states attended some or all of the meetings. (Politicians in Rhode Island opposed a stronger government and so never took part.) Each state had one vote. Decisions were made by a simple majority.
- 21. Papers / discussed and defended each part of the Constitution. The main goal of the essays was to persuade New York delegates to ratify the document by explaining the advantages it would bring. But they were also brilliant explanations of republican government and politics.
- 23. / Supporters of the Constitution, once called nationalists
- 25. & KY Resolutions / In these resolutions, Jefferson and Madison argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional.
- 26. powers/ The Constitution gives certain powers to each branch of the national government. Those are the delegated powers.
- 27. review / Marbury v. Madison was important because it established the Supreme Court’s right to declare that a law violates the Constitution. This power is known as judicial review.
- 29. Compromise / Compromise, delegates agreed that all whites plus three-fifths of the slave population (referred to as “all other persons”) would be counted for both representation and taxation. Native Americans were not counted.
- 31. Act of 1801 / This act created new positions in the judicial branch.
- 33. Purchase / a treaty signed with France in 1803 by which the U.S. purchased for $15,000,000 the land extending from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. the land included in this purchase.
- 34. of New Orleans / The Battle of New Orleans took place on January 8, 1815 and was the final major battle of the War of 1812. American forces, commanded by Major General Andrew Jackson, defeated an invading British Army intent on seizing New Orleans and the vast territory the United States had acquired with the Louisiana Purchase
Down
- 2. and Sedition Act / measures aimed at protecting the country from foreign enemies and domestic dissent during what was expected to be a war with France.
- 4. powers / powers that the Constitution does not specifically give to the federal government or deny to the states.
- 6. Proclamation / It committed the United States to “pursue a conduct friendly and impartial towards the belligerent powers.”
- 7. of Ghent / The Treaty of Ghent (8 Stat. 218) was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
- 8. / For example, the Constitution mentions the “heads of the executive departments” but did not specify what those departments should be. So, in 1789 Congress created the first three executive departments state, treasury, and war. The leaders of these departments would become known as the president’s cabinet.
- 10. of the US / Proposed by Alexander Hamilton, the Bank of the United States was established in 1791 to serve as a repository for federal funds and as the government's fiscal agent
- 11. / Jeffersonian Republicans were later called Democratic-Republicans to emphasize that they favored popular government.
- 12. / loyalty to one’s region,
- 14. Treaty: /with Spain settled many border and trade disputes between the United States and Spain.
- 16. Hawks / some American politicians had been calling for war. a person who clamors for war especially: a jingoistic American favoring war with Britain around 1812.
- 17. of Rights / the first ten amendments to the US Constitution, ratified in 1791 and guaranteeing such rights as the freedoms of speech, assembly, and worship.
- 19. / declared them void
- 20. Compromise / (aka Connecticut Compromise) “The two ideas . . . ought to be combined; that in one branch the people ought to be represented; in the other the States.” That is, the upper house, the Senate, would have two representatives from each state. In the other house, representation would be based on states’ population.
- 22. Ordinance of 1785 / the land would be surveyed and divided into a neat grid of townships, each 6 miles square
- 24. Federalists / Opponents of the Constitution
- 28. of Confederation / America’s first national constitution. As its name indicates, the document established a confederation—an association of independent, sovereign states with certain common goals.
- 30. Affair / was a diplomatic incident between French and United States diplomats that resulted in a limited, undeclared war
- 32. Rebellion / one of several taxpayers’ revolts