Across
- 2. a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence test score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the demands of life. (Formerly referred to as mental retardation.)
- 5. (an aptitude test) its and its companion versions for children are the most widely used intelligence tests; they contain verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests.
- 6. defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group.
- 7. a condition of mild to serve intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21.
- 9. a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age. Thus, a child who does as well as an average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8.
- 10. the bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer scores lie near the extremes.
- 11. our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age, especially during late adulthood.
- 16. according to Spearman and others, underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
- 19. defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, IQ = ma/ca * 100). On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100.
- 21. research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time.
- 22. a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative
- 23. the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest.
- 24. the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to. (See also content validity and predictive validity.)
- 26. the proportion of variation among individuals in a group that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environment.
- 27. the ability to perceive, understand manage, and use emotions.
Down
- 1. the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test, or on retesting.
- 3. a test designed to assess what a person has learned
- 4. a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing.
- 8. the widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet’s original intelligence test.
- 12. a test designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn.
- 13. the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
- 14. a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores
- 15. in psychology, grit is passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals
- 17. research that follows and retests the same people over time.
- 18. the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. (Also called criterion-related validity)
- 20. a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person’s total score
- 25. a group of people sharing a common characteristic, such as from a given time period.