UNIT 6

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Across
  1. 2. The enzyme that synthesises an RNA strand using a DNA template during transcription.
  2. 7. The monomers that make up DNA and RNA, each consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.
  3. 9. The process in which the sequence of codons on mRNA is used to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide.
  4. 13. Short sections of DNA synthesised discontinuously on the lagging strand during DNA replication.
  5. 14. The type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.
  6. 15. The enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds between complementary bases, separating the two DNA strands during replication.
  7. 17. The type of DNA replication in which each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesised strand.
  8. 19. A type of gene mutation in which one or more additional nucleotides are added to a DNA sequence.
  9. 20. A sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that codes for an amino acid or a stop signal.
  10. 22. The enzyme that joins nucleotides together to form a new DNA strand during replication.
  11. 23. A random change in the nucleotide sequence of genetic material.
  12. 24. A type of nitrogenous base with a double-ring structure.
  13. 25. The molecule that provides energy for many cellular processes and consists of adenine, ribose and three phosphate groups.
Down
  1. 1. The enzyme that reduces twisting and tension ahead of the replication fork by temporarily cutting and rejoining DNA.
  2. 3. Proteins that bind to separated DNA strands and prevent them from rejoining during DNA replication.
  3. 4. A type of gene mutation in which one nucleotide is replaced by another.
  4. 5. A non-coding section of a gene that is removed from pre-mRNA during RNA splicing.
  5. 6. A type of nitrogenous base with a single-ring structure.
  6. 8. A sequence of three nucleotides on tRNA that is complementary to an mRNA codon.
  7. 10. The type of RNA that carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
  8. 11. The enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments together by forming phosphodiester bonds.
  9. 12. A type of gene mutation in which one or more nucleotides are removed from a DNA sequence.
  10. 16. A section of a gene that remains in the mature mRNA after RNA splicing.
  11. 18. The process of synthesising mRNA using one strand of DNA as a template.
  12. 21. The molecule that carries genetic information and consists of two polynucleotide strands arranged in a double helix.