Unit 6: From Battlefields to Breadlines- America’s Wars and the Roaring Twenties to the Great Depression

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Across
  1. 1. The 29th President of the United States (1921-1923), known for promoting a "return to normalcy" after World War I.
  2. 4. A military alliance formed in 1882 between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy (though Italy later switched sides).
  3. 5. A foreign policy approach championed by President Woodrow Wilson that focused on supporting democratic governments and promoting human rights, rather than using military or economic pressure.
  4. 9. A U.S. policy proposed in 1899 that aimed to keep China open to trade with all nations on an equal basis, ensuring that no single country would control the market.
  5. 13. The 26th president of the U.S. (1901–1909), known for his role in leading the Rough Riders in the Spanish-American War and for his progressive domestic policies as president.
  6. 14. U.S. Secretary of State under Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson, known for his role in the purchase of Alaska.
  7. 17. A conflict in 1898 between the U.S. and Spain, fought in Cuba and the Philippines.
  8. 18. Private gardens that Americans were encouraged to plant during both World Wars to increase food production and reduce the pressure on the public food supply.
  9. 20. A Southeast Asian archipelago that became a U.S. territory after the Spanish-American War.
  10. 21. A region in southeastern Europe that was a hotspot for nationalistic tensions before WWI, with many ethnic groups seeking independence from empires like Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire.
  11. 23. A secret communication sent by Germany to Mexico in 1917, proposing a military alliance if the U.S. entered WWI against Germany.
  12. 28. A Pacific island that became a U.S. territory following the Spanish-American War in 1898, used as a strategic naval base.
  13. 31. An international organization formed after World War I, based on one of Wilson’s Fourteen Points, to promote peace and prevent future conflicts.
  14. 32. A part of the Treaty of Versailles that placed the full blame for World War I on Germany, which had to accept responsibility for causing the war and pay reparations.
  15. 38. A policy of staying out of political or military involvement in international affairs.
  16. 42. A phrase from a poem by Rudyard Kipling, used to justify imperialism by claiming that it was the duty of Western countries to "civilize" non-Western societies.
  17. 46. A secret Serbian nationalist organization that sought to create a Greater Serbia. A member of this group, Gavrilo Princip, assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
  18. 47. The use of shocking or exaggerated stories to provoke public excitement or reaction, commonly associated with yellow journalism.
  19. 48. The policy of expanding a nation's influence through diplomacy or military force to control other countries or territories for economic and strategic gains.
  20. 49. A Caribbean island ceded to the U.S. by Spain after the Spanish-American War in 1898.
  21. 51. A letter written by the Spanish ambassador to the U.S.
  22. 52. African American soldiers who served in various U.S. military units.
  23. 53. Areas in a country where another nation has special trading rights or political influence, often without formally controlling the area.
  24. 54. A style of journalism that exaggerates and sensationalizes news to attract readers.
  25. 55. A naval base in Hawaii that became critically important for the U.S. Navy.
  26. 57. A self-powered vehicle, like a car, which became widely available in the 1920s.
  27. 58. A proposal made by President Woodrow Wilson in 1918 for a peaceful end to World War I.
  28. 59. Agreements between nations to support each other in case of war.
  29. 60. A volunteer cavalry unit led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War, famous for their charge up San Juan Hill in Cuba.
  30. 61. The founder of the Ford Motor Company who revolutionized manufacturing by using assembly lines to mass-produce affordable cars, most notably the Model T, making automobiles accessible to many Americans.
  31. 62. Laws passed during World War I that made it illegal to interfere with military operations, support enemies, or speak against the government’s war effort. These laws were used to limit dissent and silence opposition to the war.
Down
  1. 2. A decade of economic prosperity and cultural change in the U.S. following World War I. It was marked by advances in technology, entertainment, and social life, as well as significant changes in attitudes toward gender and race.
  2. 3. Plans created after World War I to help Germany manage its war reparations payments and stabilize its economy.
  3. 6. Initially seen as a barren, icy region, it later proved valuable due to its resources, such as gold and oil.
  4. 7. The 1919 meeting of world leaders after World War I to determine the terms of peace.
  5. 8. The policy of expanding a country's power and influence by acquiring new territories or controlling other nations.
  6. 10. A violent uprising in China (1899-1901)
  7. 11. The 17th president of the U.S. (1865–1869), who succeeded Lincoln after his assassination.
  8. 12. A man-made waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, completed in 1914.
  9. 13. The peace treaty that officially ended World War I, signed in 1919.
  10. 15. The belief in building up a strong military and being prepared to use it to defend or promote national interests.
  11. 16. Refers to the Cuban War of Independence against Spain, which was one of the causes of the Spanish-American War.
  12. 19. A foreign policy used by President William Howard Taft that aimed to expand American influence abroad by encouraging American businesses to invest in foreign economies, particularly in Latin America and East Asia.
  13. 22. A 1901 Amendment to a U.S. Army appropriations bill that set conditions for the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Cuba after the Spanish-American War.
  14. 24. A policy of not taking sides in a conflict or war.
  15. 25. A large empire in Central Europe that was a major player in WWI as part of the Central Powers. It was a multi-ethnic empire with many nationalities seeking independence.
  16. 26. A type of naval warfare where submarines sink ships without warning, including civilian and neutral ships.
  17. 27. Information, often biased or misleading, used by governments or groups to influence people's opinions and actions.
  18. 29. A manufacturing process where a product is assembled in a sequence by workers or machines, each performing a specific task.
  19. 30. Annexed by the U.S. in 1898 after the overthrow of the monarchy.
  20. 33. A foreign policy approach adopted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s, aimed at improving relations with Latin American countries by reducing U.S. military intervention and promoting cooperation.
  21. 34. A large, multi-ethnic empire that controlled much of southeastern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. It was one of the Central Powers in WWI.
  22. 35. The heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary
  23. 36. A nickname given to the purchase of Alaska by William Seward.
  24. 37. A group of U.S. Navy battleships that President Roosevelt sent on a world tour (1907-1909) to demonstrate American naval power and assert the country’s growing influence.
  25. 39. A global conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918, involving many of the world's great powers, including Europe, the U.S., and parts of Asia and Africa.
  26. 40. Spain ceded Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines to the U.S., and Cuba became independent from Spain but under U.S. influence.
  27. 41. A period after World War I when fear of communism and radical political movements spread throughout the U.S., leading to widespread suspicion, government crackdowns, and violations of civil liberties.
  28. 43. A foreign policy approach associated with President Theodore Roosevelt that emphasized negotiating peacefully while also showing the potential for military force if necessary.
  29. 44. A strong sense of pride and loyalty to one's nation or ethnic group, often leading to the belief that one's nation is superior to others.
  30. 45. A military alliance formed in 1907 between France, Russia, and Great Britain in response to the growing power of the Triple Alliance.
  31. 50. Loans that citizens made to the government during times of war to help finance military operations.
  32. 56. Government-controlled limits on the amount of certain goods (like food, gasoline, and rubber) that people could buy during wartime to ensure that enough resources were available for the military.