Across
- 3. A fruit with fleshy walls (pericarps), without a stone, and often with a number of seeds, such as grapes or oranges
- 4. The female organs of a flower that include the stigma, style, and ovary.
- 6. A dry dehiscent fruit with a seedpod that splits along two sides while the seed inside remains attached to part of the fruit structure.
- 8. A dry dehiscent fruit that splits along the length of the fruit releasing seeds for dispersal.
- 11. The parts of a cell that drive the process of respiration and energy transfer.
- 13. The outside cell layer in woody plants that provides protection and prevents water loss.
- 15. The male portion of the flower that contains the anther and the filament.
- 18. large organelle found in a plant cell that contains the plant’s genetic material. Two primary functions of the nucleus are to control cellular activities by determining when and which proteins are produced and to store the cell’s genetic information and pass this information on through cellular division. The nucleus contains deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
- 20. Plant tissue that has thickened cell walls made of cellulose and that provides support and minimizes breakage.
- 24. The part of the stamen of a flower that produces pollen.
- 25. Digestive system in the cell, using enzymes to break down large molecules like proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids.
- 27. A nucleotide found in the mitochondria of a cell and the principle source of energy for cellular reactions.
- 28. A dry indehiscent fruit in which part of the fruit wall is extended to form a wing.
- 29. Plant tissue that conducts water and nutrients from the roots throughout the plant and can provide structural support to the plant.
- 30. lant tissue that is made up of the vascular tissue of the cortex (outer layers), pith (inner layers) of stems and roots, and leaf mesophyll (internal layers of leaves).
- 31. A disc-shaped sac surrounded by membranes on which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place.
- 36. Growing from an unusual place, as in plant roots that grow from stems or leaves.
- 38. A colorless plastid that performs functions such as synthesizing starch and forming oils and proteins.
- 41. A substance in cells that contains a plant’s genetic material and provides genetic information to ribonucleic acid (RNA).
- 43. The inner layer of plant tissue of stems and roots.
- 46. A fruit with a tough endocarp that encloses the seeds.
- 47. A specialized epidermal plant cell located around pores that opens to allow for gas exchange and control water loss.
- 48. Plant tissue that carries photosynthetic products that are synthesized in the leaves down the plant. It also provides structural support. Also referred to as vascular tissue.
- 51. A thin stalk in the stamen of a flower that supports the anther.
- 52. A permeable membrane that surrounds the vacuole and regulates the entrance and exit of cell sap, waste products, pigments, and other liquids
- 54. Part of a cell that surrounds the organelles and nucleus and contains amino acids, sugars, enzymes, and waste products (on their way to disposal).
- 55. A substance that manufactures proteins based on the genetic information provided by DNA. It plays a significant role in gene expression.
- 57. A dry, indehiscent fruit that has a hardened pericarp with a loose seed inside.
- 59. Protein filaments and motor proteins in the cell, composed of three major structural fibers: microtubules, microfilaments (also called actin filaments), and intermediate filaments.
- 60. A plastid that contains chlorophyll and is the site where photosynthesis occurs.
- 61. Cells that cover the outside areas of a plant and protect the plant from environmental stresses, minimize water loss, and provide a site for gas exchange.
- 62. A large cavity found within plant cells that stores cell sap, waste products, pigments, or other liquids.
- 63. A dry dehiscent fruit that splits open to release seeds and comes from flowers that had many pistils.
Down
- 1. type of fruit that will split open at maturity and freely release seeds for dispersal.
- 2. Polysaccharide material that makes cell walls.
- 5. Clusters of single flowers gathered on a stem.
- 7. Permeable layer inside the cell wall that controls what substances enter or leave the cell.
- 9. A pigmented plastid that contains carotenoids. The chromoplasts are often responsible for the saturated yellow, orange, and red colors found in flowers, aging leaves, fruit, and some roots such as carrots.
- 10. Cell organelles that control the flow of molecules in the cell, modifying some before packaging them into vesicles for transport to other parts of the cell or for excretion outside the cell
- 12. Consists of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein and is actively involved in the synthesis of proteins.
- 14. A fruit with a fleshy, soft mesocarp and a seed enclosed by a hard, stony endocarp.
- 16. A type of fruit that keeps the seeds within the fruit walls after leaving the parent plant.
- 17. A dry indehiscent fruit that splits at maturity into two or more seeded parts. It is found in the carrot family.
- 19. An essential green pigment located in the chloroplasts of plant cells that is a receptor of light energy in the red and blue wavelengths. It is found inside a thylakoid, a disc-shaped sac surrounded by membranes on which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place.
- 21. Least differentiated cells that are responsible for cell formation and growth.
- 22. Pores in epidermal plant cells that open to allow for gas exchange and control water loss.
- 23. A dry indehiscent fruit that splits at maturity into two or more seeded parts. It is found in the carrot family.
- 26. A space between nodes.
- 32. The basic unit of a plant that contains many different organelles (structures) that drive plant processes.
- 33. An organism that uses the process of photosynthesis to make its own food.
- 34. A dry, dehiscent pod that opens along two seams at maturity.
- 35. Lipid droplets, spherical in nature, that are found throughout cells in the plant and are most concentrated in fruits and seeds.
- 37. The pressure within a plant cell that helps provide rigidity and support to plant structures.
- 39. The aqueous space outside the stacks of thylakoids.
- 40. A modified leaf that surrounds and protects a flower bud.
- 42. A complex, folded membrane system that provides a channel for transporting proteins and lipids in the cell.
- 44. An organism that uses external sources of food or energy.
- 45. A one-seeded dry indehiscent fruit that is held freely within the pericarp.
- 49. An organelle that contains food or pigment.
- 50. A modified leaf that surrounds the female and male reproductive parts of a flower.
- 53. A dry indehiscent fruit in which seeds are firmly attached to the fruit wall.
- 56. The place on a plant stem where a leaf develops.
- 57. A part of the cell nucleus that is responsible for the formation of ribosomes
- 58. Plant tissue of the outer layers of plant stems and roots.