Across
- 4. An agreement in which people give up some freedoms in exchange for government protection.
- 6. Main author of the Declaration of Independence and supporter of natural rights.
- 8. A system where branches of government limit each other’s power.
- 10. The belief that kings receive their authority from God and cannot be challenged.
- 14. Dividing government into branches to prevent any one part from becoming too powerful.
- 15. People of European descent born in Latin America who led independence movements.
- 16. The movement to end slavery.
- 17. Basic rights all people are born with, such as life, liberty, and property.
- 18. A philosopher who supported freedom of speech and religious tolerance.
- 19. The freedom to think, speak, act, and govern oneself without unfair restriction.
- 22. A series of political revolutions in the late 1700s and early 1800s in America, France, Haiti, and Latin America inspired by Enlightenment ideas.
- 25. A philosopher who promoted separation of powers in government.
- 26. A legal scholar whose writings shaped modern English and American law.
- 28. A French general who took power after the Revolution and spread revolutionary ideas across Europe.
- 29. The belief that moral rules come from nature and reason, not governments.
- 33. A written document that outlines the structure, powers, and limits of a government.
Down
- 1. A 1776 document stating that the American colonies were breaking away from Britain and explaining why based on natural rights.
- 2. The idea that government power comes from the will of the people.
- 3. An economic system in which individuals own businesses and compete for profit.
- 5. An 18th-century movement that emphasized reason, science, and individual rights over tradition and authority.
- 7. Leader of the Haitian Revolution who helped end slavery and French rule.
- 9. A thinker who believed governments should represent the “general will” of the people.
- 11. A thinker who believed strong governments are necessary because humans are naturally selfish.
- 12. An Enlightenment thinker who argued that people have natural rights and may overthrow unfair governments.
- 13. A social gathering where people discussed Enlightenment ideas, often hosted by wealthy women.
- 20. A period during the French Revolution when thousands were executed for opposing the government.
- 21. A lawmaking body in England that limits the monarch’s power.
- 23. A system in which a monarch’s power is restricted by laws or a constitution.
- 24. A medieval scholar who argued that rulers must follow natural and divine law.
- 27. A system in which monarchs kept absolute power but used Enlightenment ideas to improve society.
- 30. Strong loyalty and pride in one’s nation, often leading people to seek independence.
- 31. A revolutionary leader who helped free much of Latin America from Spain.
- 32. A Protestant leader who believed religion and government should be connected.