Across
- 1. - a federal agency established by Congress in 1951 to plan for civil defense during the arms race by preparing Americans to survive a nuclear attack
- 5. - a person who believes in communist ideology but is not a member of the Communist Party
- 7. - a war fought on the Korean Peninsula from 1950 to 1953 after troops from communist North Korea, armed with Soviet weapons, invaded democratic South Korea, prompting the United States and the United Nations to send forces to support South Korea and fight to unify the Korean Peninsula into one democratic nation, which in turn prompted China to join the war on North Korea's side; at war's end, the peninsula remained divided into two nations
- 8. case - a court case involving Alger Hiss, a U.S. State Department official accused of passing secrets to the Soviet Union, that contributed to a growing fear of subversion during the early Cold War; in 1950 a federal grand jury convicted Hiss of perjury, but his guilt in regard to espionage was not proven
- 9. - a hydrogen bomb, or a bomb created by fusing atoms; more powerful than an atomic bomb, a weapon of mass destruction that the United States first tested in 1952 as part of the arms race
- 12. - an invasion of Cuba in 1961, which was authorized by John F. Kennedy for the purpose of overthrowing Castro's regime, organized by the CIA, executed by Cuban exiles, and defeated by Castro's forces
- 14. - a country this is wealthy and has extensive industrialization
- 16. - a confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in fall 1962 over the building of Soviet missile-launching sites in Cuba, in response to which the United States established a quarantine to prevent Soviet ships from transporting missiles to Cuba and to demand withdrawal of all Soviet weapons from the island; after a few days, the Soviet Union agreed to withdraw its missiles and President John Kennedy agreed not to invade
- 18. - the Soviet blockade of the German city of Berlin, implemented from 1948 to 1949 to halt land travel into the city in hopes of forcing the United States, Great Britain, and France to give up their plan to combine their occupation zones into a single, democratic West German state; the Allied nations resisted the blockade by airlifting food and supplies into Berlin
- 20. - the working class in a society
- 22. - the era in which atomic weapons have been used, beginning in 1945 with the first use of the atomic bomb and lasting to the present time
- 27. - a Soviet plan, initiated by Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov in 1949, to aid in the economic recovery of Eastern Europe after World War II by establishing the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance to create two-way trade agreements between the Soviet Union and other COMECON members and to integrate members' economies
- 28. - the organization and training of citizens to work with the armed forces and emergency services during a war or natural disaster
- 29. - a foreign policy in which a nation develops a weapons arsenal so deadly that another nation will not dare attack
- 31. - a secret political, economic, or military operation that aims to shape events or influence affairs in a foreign country in order to support the initiating nation's foreign policy
- 32. - in July and August 1945 in the German city of Potsdam, a conference of the main Allied leaders—U.S. president Harry S. Truman, British prime minister Winston Churchill and later his successor Clement Atlee, and Soviet premier Joseph Stalin—to finalize post-World War II plans for Europe
- 33. - a U.S. government agency established in 1958 for the research and development of space exploration vehicles and projects
- 36. - internal program of President John F. Kennedy from 1961 to 1963, aimed at increasing support for education programs against poverty and care for the elderly, lower taxes, raise the minimum wage, prohibiting racial discrimination and increase defense spending.
- 37. - during the arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union, the principle that either side would respond to a nuclear attack by launching its own missiles, which helped prevent the Cold War from becoming a hot war
- 38. - after World War II, the U.S. foreign policy practice of attempting to restrict the expansion of Soviet influence around the world
- 39. - an economic system in which the people, often under supervision of the state, jointly own the means of production and distribution
Down
- 2. - to provide evidence that makes someone appear guilty
- 3. - an area, often along the border between two military powers, that no military forces are allowed to enter
- 4. - the list of programs a president hopes to enact while in office
- 6. - a person who, for personal or political reasons, lives outside his or her home country, either by choice or by order of the home country's government
- 9. - formed in 1938, a committee of the U.S. House of Representatives that investigated subversive organizations in the United States until 1975
- 10. - a country that is poor and has little or no industrialization
- 11. - a foreign policy characterized by a willingness to push a dangerous situation to the brink, or edge, of war rather than give in to an opponent
- 13. - to formally scold someone
- 15. - a U.S. plan, initiated by the Secretary of State George Marshall and implemented from 1948 to 1951, to aid in the economic recovery of Europe after World War II by offering certain European countries substantial funds
- 17. - a list of people or groups who are under suspicion for something and are thus excluded from certain opportunities
- 19. - a concrete wall that the communist East German government erected in 1961 to cut off West Berlin from the rest of East Germany and prevent East Germans from escaping into democratic West Berlin; the wall stood until 1989
- 21. - the power released by a nuclear reaction
- 23. - willful failure to obey the authority of Congress
- 24. - a communication line between the United States and the Soviet Union that is kept open at all times so they can contact each other instantly during a crisis
- 25. - the hostile but nonviolent struggle for power between the United States and the Soviet Union, as well as their respective allies, from the end of World War II to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.
- 26. - the ideological barrier that existed between Eastern and Western Europe from 1945 to 1990
- 30. - the sudden overthrow of a government by violent force
- 34. - a competition between nations to achieve the more powerful weapons arsenal
- 35. - the dominating influence of one country or group over others