Across
- 1. The old Stone Age ending in 12,000 BCE, typified by use of crude stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence
- 4. Dealing with the design and organization of urban space and activities
- 7. The government of a state by immediate divine (religion) guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided
- 8. A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets
- 10. A body of nonelective government officials, government characterized by specialization of functions, adherence to fixed rules, and a hierarchy of authority
- 11. Animist religion that saw material existence as battle betw. forces of good and evil, stressed the importance of moral choice, righteous lived on after death in "House of Song," chief religion of Persian Empire
- 12. The succession of technological innovations and changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture, 8500-3500 BCE
- 15. System of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in place of a writing system, could contain numerical and other types of info for censuses and financial records
- 18. People who migrated into Mesopotamia c.4000 BCE, created first civilization within region, organized area into city-states
- 20. Refers to large man-made structures of stone or earth, typically has a public nature (was built by 'lots of people for lots of people to look at or share in the use of,' can include anything large and made by humans
- 24. Tradition that arose at San Lorenzo and La Venta in Mexico c.1200 BCE, featured irrigated agriculture, urbanism, elaborate religion, beginning of calendrical and writing systems, a member of a prehistoric people inhabiting, the coast of Veracruz and W. tabasco on the gulf of Mexico, probably the first meso-american civilization
- 26. From about 4000 BCE, when bronze tools were first introduced in the Middle East, to about 1500 BCE, when iron began to replace it
- 27. any of various animals domesticated so as to live and breed in a tame condition
- 30. Written in, constituting, or belonging to a system of writing mainly in pictorial characters, the picture script of ancient Egyptian priesthood
- 31. the changing balance of output, trade, incomes, and employment drawn from different economic sectors, primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary, the major features of a country or region's economy, including what and how much it produces and trades, and how it spends its income
- 33. to divide or arrange into classes, castes, or social strata, to divide into a series of graded statuses
- 34. Social organization marked by the supremacy of the father in the clan or family, the legal dependence of wives and children, and the reckoning of descent and inheritance in the male line
- 36. The exclusive worship of a single god; introduced by the Jews into western civilization
- 39. A person skilled in an applied art, a craftsperson, a person or company that makes high-quality or distinctive products in small quantities, usually by hand or using traditional methods
- 41. extending or going across regions
- 44. The ancient religion of the Aryan peoples who entered the northwestern India from Persia c. 2000- 1200 BC The precursor of Hinduism, and its beliefs and practices are contained in the Vedas
- 45. Literally "between the rivers," the civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris- Euphrates river valleys
- 46. The science, art, or occupation concerned w/ cultivating land, raising crops, and feeding, breeding, and raising livestock, farming
- 48. An ancient empire in SW Asia, in the lower Euphrates valley, greatest period was 2800-1750 BC
- 49. Seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean, established colonies throughout the Mediterranean
Down
- 1. It refers to institutions or groups and their relations within political systems and to political regulations and laws that constitutes the political landscape of a political entity
- 2. A production process in which a worker or group of workers is assigned a specialized task in order to increase efficiency
- 3. A form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations, consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king
- 5. Roaming about place to place, aimlessly, frequently, or without a fixed pattern of movement, pertaining to people that have no fixed residence but move from place to place usu. seasonally and within a well defined territory
- 6. An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c.1000 BCE; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries, an ancient region of S. Egypt and northern Sudan, including the Nile valley between Aswan and Khartam and the surrounding area
- 9. ancient civilizations that spurred on other civilizations around the world, places where the first humans were found (with evidence)
- 13. Means of obtaining subsistence by human species prior to the adaptation of sedentary agriculture, normally typical of band social organization, people that hunt game and collect plants to eat
- 14. a ruling body of clergy organized into orders or ranks each subordinate to the one above it, the classification of a group of people according to ability or to economic, social, or professional standing
- 16. Social organization based on livestock raising as the primary economic activity
- 17. Major urban complex of the Harappan civilization, laid out on planned grid pattern
- 19. A code created by the 6th king of the first dynasty of Babylonia, a comprehension set of laws considered many scholars to be the oldest laws established, essentially humanitarian in its intent and orientation, contained 'eye for an eye' theory of punishment
- 21. of pertaining to, or designing a city or town
- 22. Someone who studies the science of human beings, esp. in relation to distribution, origin, classification, and relationship of races, physical character, environmental and social relations, and culture
- 23. The internal institutionalized relationships built by persons living within a group (as a family or community) esp. w/ regard to the hierarchical organization of status and to the rules and principles regulating behavior
- 25. Societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, as well as merchant and manufacturing groups
- 28. 1st Chinese dynasty for which archeological evidence exists, capital located in Ordos bend, this is older than the dynasty? 4000 BC?
- 29. Asserting, resulting from, or characterized by belief in equality of all people, esp. in political, economic, or social life
- 32. An ancient massive structure found esp. in Egypt, built of stone as a royal tomb, built a tombs for Egyptian pharaohs from the 3rd dynasty c.2649 BC until c.1640 BC
- 35. A civilization that flourished in Peru c.1000- 200 BC, uniting a large part of the countries coastal region in a common culture
- 37. A member of an ancient people who established an empire in Asia, Minor and Syria that flourished from c.1700 to c.1200 BC-- the language of the _______, the oldest attested Indo-European langugage, written in both hieroglyphic and cuneiform scripts, deciphered in the early 20th century
- 38. A system of social organization in which descent and inheritance are traced through the female line, females rule or dominate a family, group, or state
- 40. The belief in or worship of more than one god
- 42. The connected landmass that includes Africa, Europe, and Asia
- 43. Massive towers usually associated w/ Mesopotamian temple complexes
- 47. a religion developed among the ancient Hebrews and characterized by belief in one transcendent God who has revealed himself to Abraham, Moses, and the Hebrew prophets and by a religious life in accordance with Scriptures and rabbinic traditions