Across
- 1. Land degradation in arid areas resulting in desert-like conditions
- 5. Harvesting only certain trees while maintaining forest structure
- 8. Volcanic region fed by underlying mantle that is anomalously hot
- 9. Controlled fire used to manage forests and reduce fuel loads
- 12. Underlying rock from which soil develops
- 15. Sudden release of energy in Earth's crust causing ground shaking
- 16. Period of agricultural innovation involving high-yield crops, fertilizers, and irrigation
- 18. Distinct layers in soil profile (O, A, B, C horizons)
- 25. Agricultural practice avoiding synthetic pesticides and fertilizers
- 31. Physical and chemical breakdown of rocks
- 33. Transport of weathered rock and soil by wind, water, or ice
- 34. Layer where minerals accumulate from upper layers
- 38. Growing a single crop species over a large area
- 39. Breakdown of rock through chemical reactions
- 40. (IPM) Pest control strategy combining biological, cultural, and chemical methods
- 42. Modified Organisms Organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering
- 43. Growing multiple crop species together on the same land
- 44. Opening in Earth's crust where magma erupts to the surface
- 45. Moving livestock to different areas as forage becomes depleted
- 46. Chemicals used specifically to kill unwanted plants/weeds
Down
- 2. Artificial application of water to crops
- 3. boundary Plates moving apart, creating new crust
- 4. Clearing land by cutting and burning vegetation to release nutrients into soil
- 6. Compression of soil particles reducing pore space
- 7. Removal of topsoil by wind or water
- 10. Removing all trees from an area at once
- 11. Rock formed from cooling and solidification of magma or lava
- 13. Accumulation of salts in soil, often from irrigation
- 14. Saturation of soil with water, reducing oxygen availability
- 17. Upper layer of soil containing most nutrients and organic matter
- 19. Organic layer at soil surface
- 20. Process of rock formation, breakdown, and reformation
- 21. Region around Pacific Ocean with high volcanic and seismic activity
- 22. One tectonic plate moving beneath another
- 23. boundary Plates moving toward each other, causing subduction or mountain formation
- 24. boundary Plates sliding past each other horizontally
- 26. Rock formed by heat and pressure altering existing rock
- 27. Traditional farming method where land is cleared, farmed for a few years, then abandoned to regenerate
- 28. Substances added to soil to increase nutrient availability for plants
- 29. Physical breakdown of rock without chemical change(physical)
- 30. Rock formed from compressed sediments
- 32. Mixture of minerals, organic matter, water, and air supporting plant life
- 35. tectonics Theory explaining movement of Earth's lithospheric plates
- 36. Chemical substances used to kill or control pests
- 37. Surface soil rich in organic matter and minerals
- 41. Chemicals used to kill insects