Universe

4. The "stretching" of light waves. As a galaxy moves away, the distance between wave crests increases, shifting the "fingerprint" toward the longer, redder wavelengths.
12. A map that sorts stars by the "peak" of their wave energy (temperature) and the total "volume" of waves they emit (luminosity).
13. The periodic motion that can cause a "wobble" in light waves (the Doppler Shift), which is actually how we find planets orbiting other stars!
14. Our specific collection of stars. From our perspective, we see it as a band of light because we are looking through the "disk" of waves emitted by our neighbors.
15. Massive collections of billions of wave-emitters.

1. The process that generates the EM waves in the first place. It converts mass into high-energy Gamma waves, which eventually bounce around and stretch into visible light.
2. The conclusion we reach because we see a universal Red Shift—all the "fingerprints" of distant galaxies are stretched, proving the universe is expanding.
3. A classification based on which specific wavelengths are absorbed by a star’s atmosphere. Blue stars emit short, high-energy waves; red stars emit long, lower-energy waves.
5. The total amplitude or intensity of all EM waves radiating from the star.
6. The stable period where a star’s wave output is consistent because gravity and fusion are in balance.
7. A cloud that often glows because it absorbs high-energy waves from nearby stars and re-emits them at different wavelengths.
8. A violent pulse that releases a "tsunami" of waves across the entire EM spectrum, from radio to gamma rays.
9. The leftover "glow" of short-wavelength thermal radiation from a dead star’s core.
10. The force that bundles matter together to create the "engines" (stars) that produce these waves.
11. A star that has shifted its wave output toward the red (cooler) end of the spectrum but has increased its total surface area, emitting a massive "volume" of waves.