Water

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Across
  1. 2. a hard water ion (7,3)
  2. 4. what is formed between hard water ions and soap (4)
  3. 5. the risk of this can be reduced by ingesting calcium compounds (5,7)
  4. 6. what you need to do to an IEC when it runs out of sodium ions (9)
  5. 8. a negative anion found in temporary hard water (17)
  6. 9. name for an insoluble solid, such as calcium carbonate (11)
  7. 10. what is reduced when limescale builds up around heating elements of kettles (10)
  8. 12. an insoluble solid, containing calcium carbonate produced when temporary hard water is heated (9)
  9. 14. the strength of these can be improved by calcium compounds (5,3,5)
  10. 15. a way of removing hardness from temporary hard water (7)
  11. 16. where dissolved hard water ions originate (5)
  12. 17. a hard water ion (9,3)
Down
  1. 1. nanoparticle of this element prevent bacteria by killing them (6)
  2. 3. removes hard water ions by replacing them with sodium ions (3,8,6)
  3. 4. a negative anion found in permanent hard water (7)
  4. 7. the chemical name for 'washing soda', can be added soften water (6,9)
  5. 11. removes chlorine from water in water filters (6)
  6. 13. forms readily with soft water and soap, but not hard water (6)