Across
- 3. Neo-Freudian / psychodynamic theorist. Studied inferiority complexes, self-confidence, sibling rivalry
- 5. Neo-Freudian / psychodynamic; criticized Freud (too male-centric);studied parent/child relationships; applied Adler's theories to women
- 8. All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?"
- 9. one of Carl Rogers's three requirements for a growth-promoting environment: when people are open with their own feelings
- 10. studied internal and external locus of control
- 15. Defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile stage - thumb-sucking, bed-wetting, tantrums, etc
- 17. Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) The most widely researched and clinically see of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still considered its most appropriate use), this test is now used for many other screening purposes.
- 20. In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.
- 28. In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that removes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness.
- 30. Contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy, that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification.
- 32. The perception that chance or outside forces beyond one's personal control determine one's fate.
- 35. style the way of interpreting events - pessimism vs. optimism
- 36. Overestimating other's noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us).
- 38. transforming a sexual or aggressive desire into something socially acceptable. Ex: Aggressions that come out when playing sports instead of toward a friend, boss, etc
- 40. a person's belief that they control their own destiny; people with this tend to lead more stable & productive lives, be happier
- 41. Views behavior as influence by the interaction between persons (and their thinking) and their social context.
- 43. (MBTI) Personality inventory based on Carl Jung's personality types
- 44. Freud's theory of personality that attributes our thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions.
- 45. According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of whih we are unaware.
- 46. In psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.
- 49. Big Five Trait Energy, positive emotions, surgency, assertiveness, sociability and the tendency to seek stimulation in the company of others, and talkativeness.
- 50. The interacting influences between past behaviors, personal preferences, and environmental factors when influencing a person's personality
- 53. One's feelings of high or low self-worth.
- 54. Inventory A questionnaire (Often with true-false or agree-disagree items) on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits.
- 55. Used factor analysis to cluster many traits together; using this data, said that all traits can be categorized as introvert/extravert and stable/unstable concerns about validity of personality tests people may answer questions in a way that makes themselves sound better
- 57. Came up with the "Big Five" theory of personality - measures traits of Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, & Neuroticism
- 58. Giving priority to the goals of one's group (often one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly.
- 59. Model of personality that seeks to identify the basic traits necessary to describe personality 1. how prominent and extreme traits are in a person dictate their behavior.
- 60. Founder of Positive Psychology; studied learned helplessness
Down
- 1. 1875-1961; Field: neo-Freudian, analytic psychology; archetypes; collective unconscious; 1.people had conscious and unconscious awareness 2.libido is all types of energy, not just sexual;
- 2. a defense mechanism that conceals your undesirable shortcomings by exaggerating desirable behaviors
- 4. Derived Test A test (such as the MMPI) developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups.
- 6. one of Carl Rogers's three requirements for a growth-promoting environment: come-as-you-are attitude; "unconditional positive regard"
- 7. Big Five Trait The tendency to experience unpleasant emotions easily, such as anger, anxiety, depression, and vulnerability.
- 11. The most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots.
- 12. People (and dogs) who face repeated trauma / lack of control start to feel helpless and hopeless
- 13. Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history.
- 14. Humanistic psychologist; emphasized importance of a positive "self-concept"; said people with rich and productive lives are often self-aware, open, loving and caring, and have often been moved by a "peak experience"
- 16. Defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real (more threatening) unconscious reasons for one's actions. "I don't have a drinking problem; I just like going out with my friends"
- 18. Giving priority to one's own goals over group goals, and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications.
- 19. people tend to see themselves positively
- 21. Psychoanalytic defense mechanism where the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. Acting overly nice when you really don't like someone
- 22. one of Carl Rogers's three requirements for a growth-promoting environment: share and mirror other's feelings
- 23. Father of Psychoanalysis
- 24. The part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement (the conscience) and for future aspirations.
- 25. Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others. "Ugh, she wants so much attention"
- 26. (TAT) A projection test in which people explores their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes.
- 27. According to Rogers, an attitude of valuing people even knowing their failings; essential for "acceptance"
- 29. A personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger proaction of one's inner dynamics.
- 31. According to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential.
- 33. inflated sense of self; increasing since the 1980s
- 34. Defense mechanism where one refuses to accept reality or fact, even when presented with evidence
- 37. Big Five Trait tendency to be organized and dependable, show self-discipline, act dutifully, aim for achievement, and prefer planned rather than spontaneous behavior.
- 39. Big Five Trait for the appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, unusual ideas, curiosity, and acceptance of variety of experience.
- 42. Psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person. Ex: mad at your teacher but yell at your little sister
- 47. brings information overload and a greater likelihood that we will feel regret over some of the unchosen options
- 48. A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports.
- 51. Big Five Trait tendency to be compassionate and cooperative rather than suspicious and antagonistic towards others.
- 52. Albert Bandura's idea: an individual's confidence in his/her ability to control their own motivation, behavior, and environment
- 56. The largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the Reality Principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain.