Across
- 5. The larger and more medial of the two long bones in the lower leg, extending from the knee to the ankle. Bears the majority of the body's weight during standing, walking, and running, and forms the knee joint with the femur and the ankle joint with the talus.
- 6. The eight small bones that constitute the wrist, forming two rows: proximal and distal. Allows for a wide range of wrist movements, including flexion, extension, and rotation, while providing stability and flexibility to the hand.
- 7. The five long bones of the hand, forming the palm and extending to the proximal phalanges. Forms the structure of the palm, facilitating grasping and manipulating objects, and contributing to overall hand dexterity.
- 11. The anterior portion of the pelvic bone, located below the ilium and Contributes to the formation of the pelvic ring and the pubic symphysis, which provides stability to the pelvis and aids in childbirth by allowing slight movement during labour.
- 12. The smaller, lateral bone of the lower leg, running alongside the tibia. Provides support and stability to the lower leg, particularly during walking and running, but bears little weight compared to the tibia. It also serves as an attachment point for muscles.
- 14. The bones of the digits, with proximal, middle, and distal phalanges in each finger and toe (except the thumb and big toe, which have two).Allows for fine motor movements such as grasping, pinching, and precision movements, enabling tasks like writing or typing.
- 15. The posterior and lower part of the pelvic bone, forming part of the pelvic girdle. Supports the body when sitting and provides attachment for muscles involved in hip extension and thigh movement.
- 17. The medial bone of the forearm, located on the pinky side, and involved in the elbow joint. Acts as a primary stabiliser for the elbow joint, enabling flexion and extension of the forearm, while bearing most of the weight in the elbow.
- 18. A large, triangular bone at the base of the spine, formed by the fusion of five sacral vertebrae. Forms the back portion of the pelvic girdle, providing support for the vertebral column and transmitting weight from the upper body to the lower limbs.
- 19. The seven bones that form the ankle and the proximal portion of the foot, including the talus, calcaneus, navicular, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, and cuboid. Allows for movement at the ankle joint (e.g., dorsiflexion, plantarflexion) and contribute to foot stability while bearing weight during walking and running.
Down
- 1. The long, S-shaped bone that connects the upper limb to the axial skeleton at the sternoclavicular joint. Acts as a strut to support the shoulder, providing stability to the upper limb and allowing for full arm mobility.
- 2. The longest and strongest bone in the body, extending from the hip to the knee. Supports the weight of the body during standing and walking, and enables movements at the hip and knee joints such as flexion, extension, and rotation.
- 3. The small, triangular bone located at the front of the knee joint, also known as the kneecap. Protects the knee joint, provides leverage for the quadriceps muscle, and enhances the efficiency of knee extension.
- 4. The five long bones that form the midfoot and connect the tarsal bones to the phalanges of the toes. Provides structural support for the arch of the foot and enable the foot's propulsion during walking and running.
- 8. The flat bone located in the anterior chest, articulating with the costal cartilages and the clavicles. Protects vital organs such as the heart and lungs, and provides attachment points for muscles involved in respiration.
- 9. The triangular bone on the dorsal side of the thorax, commonly referred to as the shoulder blade.Provides attachment for muscles controlling the shoulder joint and allows for scapular movement (e.g., elevation, depression, and rotation).
- 10. The long bone of the upper limb, extending from the shoulder to the elbow joint. Supports movement at the shoulder and elbow joints, providing attachment points for muscles involved in flexion, extension, and rotation of the arm.
- 13. The broad, upper portion of the pelvic bone, which forms part of the pelvic Provides attachment for muscles involved in hip movement and supports the weight of the body when sitting or standing. It also helps form the acetabulum, the socket for the femur.
- 16. The lateral bone of the forearm, positioned on the thumb side, and responsible for forearm rotation. Facilitates pronation and supination (rotation of the forearm), and supports wrist movement by transmitting forces from the hand to the elbow.