Across
- 3. A business owned and operated by the federal government.
- 5. A government agency or commission with regulatory power whose independence is protected by Congress.
- 8. The party that holds the majority of legislative seats in either the House or the Senate.
- 11. The process of reassigning representation based on population, after every census.
- 14. Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which allows Congress to make all laws that are "necessary and proper" to carry out the powers of the Constitution.
- 15. Brought about by the Jefferson/Burr tie, stated that presidential and vice-presidential nominees would run on the same party ticket. Before that time, all of the candidates ran against each other, with the winner becoming president and second-place becoming vice-president.
- 17. (1) Succession of VP if president dies or becomes incapable to do his job. (2) If there is no VP, president must appoint one, and congress must approve.
- 18. A judicial philosophy in which judges make bold policy decisions, even charting new constitutional ground. Advocates of this approach emphasize that the courts can correct pressing needs, especially those unmet by the majoritarian political process.
- 19. Legally binding rules generated by bureaucratic entities that govern the implementation and enforcement of federal law.
- 20. Committee appointed by the presiding officers of each chamber to adjust differences on a particular bill passed by each in different forms.
- 21. Government policy that attempts to manage the economy by controlling the money supply and thus interest rates.
- 22. Powers given to the national government alone.
- 24. A seven-member board that sets member banks reserve requirements, controls the discount rate, and makes other economic decisions.
- 26. The part of the State Department that supplies diplomats for the United States embassies and consulates around the world.
- 27. A rule issued by the president that has the force of law.
- 28. A procedural practice in the Senate whereby a senator refuses to relinquish the floor and thereby delays proceedings and prevents a vote on a controversial issue.
- 30. Policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation's economy.
- 34. Limits the president to two terms.
- 36. President of the Senate.
- 38. The use of government funds for projects designed to please voters or legislators and win votes.
- 41. Leaders in Congress, usually the minority and majority speakers.
- 44. Government action based on firm allegiance to a political party.
- 45. Federal program of disability and retirement benefits that covers most working people.
- 47. Federal agencies that aren't large or important enough to get department status. Directors appointed by President w/ advice & consent of Senate. Ex. NASA, CIA, EPA.
- 48. An opinion that agrees with the majority in a Supreme Court ruling but differs on the reasoning.
- 49. Chief Executive, Chief Diplomat, Commander in Chief, Legislative Leader, Head of State, Economic Leader, and Party Leader.
- 50. Marbury v. Madison - Judicial Review, McCulloch v. Maryland - Bank Constitutionality, Gibbons v. Ogden - Federal Law over State Law, Worcester v. Georgia - Only Federal gov't can deal with Indians, Dred Scott - Not a citizen; cannot sue.
- 51. A group of advisers to the president.
Down
- 1. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
- 2. Allows the court to determine the constitutionality of laws.
- 4. A system of public employment in which selection and promotion depend on demonstrated performance rather than political patronage.
- 6. District court, circuit court of appeals, Supreme Court.
- 7. A court opinion reflecting the views of the majority of the justices.
- 9. An officeholder who is seeking reelection.
- 10. A temporary legislative committee established for a limited time period and for a special purpose.
- 12. A permanent committee established in a legislature, usually focusing on a policy area.
- 13. Agencies that perform staff services for the president but are not part of the White House.
- 16. Complex bureaucratic rules and procedures that must be followed to get something done.
- 23. A committee composed of members of both the House of Representatives and the Senate; such committees oversee the Library of Congress and conduct investigations.
- 25. Government benefits that certain qualified individuals are entitled to by law, regardless of need.
- 29. A close relationship between an agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group.
- 31. A lawmaking body made up of two chambers or parts.
- 32. A statement written by a justice who disagrees with the majority opinion, presenting his or her opinion.
- 33. A career government employee.
- 35. The personal office of the president, which tends to presidential political needs and manages the media.
- 37. A body of voters in a given area who elect a representative or senator.
- 39. The party that holds a minority of legislative seats in either the House or the Senate.
- 40. A government policy for dealing with the budget (especially with taxation and borrowing).
- 42. A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends.
- 43. A policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries.
- 46. American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world.