Across
- 2. a business strategy in which a company controls all aspects of its supply chain, from raw materials to finished products.
- 3. a type of retail business that used catalogs to allow customers in remote areas to order products from a distance.
- 4. a legal entity that is separate from its owners and can own property, make contracts, and sue or be sued.
- 11. a device that used electrical signals to transmit messages over long distances, revolutionizing communication in the 19th century.
- 13. an African American inventor who developed several practical inventions, including the gas mask and the traffic light.
- 14. an economic system in which production, distribution, and exchange of goods and services are primarily guided by the laws of supply and demand rather than through government intervention.
- 15. a Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist who made his fortune in the steel industry, and donated much of his wealth to charitable causes.
- 18. a method for mass-producing steel developed by Henry Bessemer in the mid-19th century, which involved blowing air through molten iron to remove impurities.
- 19. a type of corporate structure in which several companies are controlled by a central board of directors, with the aim of reducing competition and increasing efficiency.
- 23. an American industrialist who developed the Pullman sleeping car, which revolutionized long-distance train travel in the United States.
- 24. a business strategy in which a company acquires or merges with other companies at the same level of the supply chain, in order to achieve economies of scale or reduce competition.
- 25. a period of rapid industrialization and innovation in the late 19th century, marked by important inventions such as the automobile, electricity, and steel.
- 26. an African American entrepreneur and philanthropist who became one of the wealthiest self-made women in America through her haircare and beauty products.
- 28. an American inventor who developed the Morse code and the telegraph, which enabled rapid communication over long distances.
- 29. a Scottish-born American inventor who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone in 1876.
- 30. an American industrialist and entrepreneur who developed the Florida East Coast Railway, which transformed Florida into a popular tourist destination.
Down
- 1. an American inventor and entrepreneur who helped to develop the electric power industry through his innovations in transformer technology, railway air brakes and steam turbines.
- 5. American brothers who are credited with inventing and flying the first successful airplane in 1903.
- 6. an American industrialist and philanthropist who, through his Standard Oil company, became one of the wealthiest men in history.
- 7. a person who starts and runs a new business venture, with the aim of making a profit.
- 8. an African American inventor and entrepreneur who patented a folding cabinet bed in 1885 and became the first African American woman to receive a United States patent.
- 9. a federal law passed in 1890 that prohibits activities that restrict competition and monopolies in interstate commerce.
- 10. a Turkish term for a local ruler or governor.
- 11. an American inventor and businessman who is best known for developing the light bulb and inventing the first practical phonograph.
- 12. a Surinamese-born American inventor who developed a machine that could produce shoes more efficiently, revolutionizing the shoe manufacturing industry.
- 16. an African American inventor and engineer who worked with Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison, and made important contributions to the development of the telephone and the light bulb.
- 17. a cable laid under the Atlantic Ocean in the mid-19th century that enabled communication between Europe and North America.
- 20. a Canadian-born African American inventor and engineer who developed improvements to steam engine lubrication systems.
- 21. the process of creating something new or improving an existing product or service.
- 22. an economic system based on private ownership of the means of production, where profit is the main motivator and the market determines prices and wages.
- 25. ownership in a corporation, represented by shares that can be bought and sold in the stock market.
- 27. an American banker and financier who played a major role in the growth of many industries through his investments and mergers.