Across
- 3. set aside federal lands to create colleges to “benefit the agricultural and mechanical arts.
- 5. was passed and called for each rebel state to draft a new constitution as well as ratify the new Fourteenth Amendment.
- 6. established in 1866, a secret, White supremacist terrorist group that resisted Reconstruction by harassing, threatening, and using violence against Black people
- 7. the lowest point in the fortunes of a person or organization.
- 10. prohibits the federal government and each state from denying or abridging a citizen's right to vote "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude
- 12. any of the laws legalizing racial segregation of Black people and White people that were enacted in Southern states beginning in the 1880s and enforced through the 1950s
- 15. a general pardon for a crime, usual a political one, issued by a government to a specific group of people
- 17. abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime
- 19. President Johnson outlined plans that would provide opportunities for Confederate soldiers, sympathizers, and even high-ranking officers to receive pardons for their crimes against the Union.
- 20. laws enacted in 1865 and 1866 in the former Confederate states to restrict freedom and opportunities for African Americans
- 21. the 1896 Supreme Court case that established the controversial "separate but equal" doctrine by which segregation became legal as long as the facilities provided to Black people were equivalent to those provided to White people
Down
- 1. Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws.
- 2. President Lincoln proposed a reconstruction program that would allow Confederate states to establish new state governments after 10 percent of their male population took loyalty oaths and the states recognized the permanent freedom of formerly enslaved people.
- 4. provided a process to replace southern state governments then in the hands of disloyal southerners with new state governments in the hands of loyal southerners, both white and black.
- 5. during and after the Civil War, a member of the Republican Party who believed in and fought for the emancipation of enslaved people and, later, the equal rights of African Americans
- 8. a system of servitude in which debtors are forced to work for the person to whom they owe money until they pay off the debt
- 9. a federal agency established in 1865, at the end of the Civil War, to help and protect the 4 million newly freed African Americans as they transitioned out of enslavement
- 11. a form of tenant farming in which the land owner provides a tenant not only with land but also with the money needed to purchase equipment and supplies and possibly also food, clothing, and supervision
- 13. a person who wants to stop or abolish slavery.
- 14. a tax of a set rate that is imposed on each person in a population
- 16. a political candidate who seeks election in an area where they have no local connections.
- 18. a system of agriculture in which landowners rent plots of land to workers, who pay for the use of the land in cash, with a share of the crop raised, or both