Across
- 1. Process of freeing enslaved people, culminating in the Emancipation Proclamation and 13th Amendment.
- 5. 1857 Supreme Court ruling declaring Black people had no citizenship rights and Congress couldn’t ban slavery in the territories.
- 9. Northern belief that workers should rise through hard work without slavery.
- 11. The name of the Republican President who ended reconstruction
- 15. Johnson
- 16. Constitutional amendment abolishing slavery nationwide.
- 17. 1823 declaration warning European powers not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere.
- 18. Conflict over whether states could reject federal laws they deemed unconstitutional.
- 19. Machine invented by Eli Whitney that sped up cotton processing and expanded slavery.
- 20. Labor system trapping many families in debt while working land.
- 21. Technology that enabled near-instant long-distance communication.
- 22. British prime minister who tightened colonial taxation after the Seven Years’ War
- 23. Tea Party Colonial protest in which patriots dumped tea into Boston Harbor
- 27. Term for scandals and political corruption associated with Ulysses S. Grant’s presidency.
- 30. Political approach claiming to represent the common people against entrenched power.
- 32. British practice of seizing American sailors and forcing them into naval service.
- 34. Powered vessel that opened upriver travel and expanded national commerce.
- 36. People of mixed Indigenous and French ancestry in North America
- 37. Manmade waterway that lowered transportation costs and connected markets.
- 39. Act 1773 law giving the British East India Company a monopoly on tea sales in the colonies
- 40. Name for Northern migrants who moved south and supported Reconstruction governments.
- 42. Form of transportation that revolutionized trade, migration, and national integration.
- 44. Shawnee leader who sought to unite tribes to halt U.S. expansion.
- 45. successor whose lenient Reconstruction policies angered Radical Republicans.
- 46. Power Northern belief that a small group of proslavery elites dominated national politics.
- 47. Southern Democrats who regained control by rolling back Reconstruction reforms.
- 48. Former enslaved man and leading abolitionist who pushed for Black enlistment and equal rights.
- 52. Southern laws after the Civil War restricting the rights and mobility of freedpeople.
- 54. Acts 1765 taxes on printed materials that sparked widespread colonial protest
- 56. Region of early English colonies known for tobacco and plantation labor
- 58. 1803 land deal that doubled U.S. territory and opened the West for expansion.
Down
- 2. Religious movement that emphasized moral strictness and shaped New England society
- 3. Part of reconstruction where the congressional program aimed at guaranteeing Black civil rights and restructuring Southern governments.
- 4. Acts British punitive laws passed after the Tea Party to tighten control over Massachusetts
- 6. War Conflict between Britain and France (and their Indigenous allies) that reshaped control of North America
- 7. Colonists who supported Britain during the American Revolution
- 8. New political party formed to oppose the expansion of slavery.
- 10. Site of a major 1739 enslaved rebellion in South Carolina
- 12. 1831 slave uprising in Virginia that heightened Southern fears and repression.
- 13. Intellectual movement stressing individual intuition, nature, and spiritual self-reliance.
- 14. Northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War and criticized Lincoln’s policies.
- 21. Reform movement aimed at reducing alcohol consumption.
- 24. Forced removal of Cherokee and other tribes to Indian Territory, causing mass death.
- 25. of Liberty Colonial group that organized resistance to British taxation and intimidation of officials
- 26. Southern ideology portraying slavery as a system of “care” and reciprocal duties.
- 28. Ideology portraying the Confederacy as noble and minimizing slavery’s role in the war.
- 29. First permanent English settlement in North America, founded in 1607
- 31. Colonists who supported independence from Britain
- 33. Nonslaveholding or small-slaveholding farmer who formed the backbone of Southern society.
- 35. Passage Brutal transatlantic voyage endured by enslaved Africans
- 38. New England town famous for its 1692 witchcraft trials
- 41. Spanish colonial labor system granting settlers control over Indigenous workers
- 43. Act Law asserting Parliament’s full authority to legislate for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever”
- 49. Practice of awarding government jobs to political supporters after an election.
- 50. White supremacist terrorism used to undermine Reconstruction and Black political power.
- 51. Acts 1767 import taxes on glass, paper, paint, and tea that revived boycotts
- 53. Abolitionist who led raids—including Harpers Ferry—to spark a slave uprising.
- 55. Supporters of the Constitution who favored strong central government and commercial development.
- 57. Spanish soldiers who led early expeditions of conquest in the Americas