VCE Biology Orientation Terms

1. A segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein.
7. A visual representation of all the chromosomes found in an organism.
10. A type of cell found in gonads,that reproduce by meiosis.
12. Refers to a cell that contains 2 sets of paired chromosomes.
16. Clusters of microtubules that grow out from the centrioles at the opposite ends of a spindle.
17. A semi-rigid structure located outside of the plasma (cell) membrane in plant, fungal and bacterial cells.
19. Stage of mitosis in which new nuclear membranes form around the separated groups of chromosomes.
22. Any type of cell from an organism apart from reproductive cells and that reproduces by mitosis.
26. The tight banding found in all chromosomes usually around the centre.
28. Different forms of a particular gene.
29. A complete set of genetic instructions for a given organism.

2. A cell with a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
3. Involved in the formation and transport of lipids and steroid hormones
4. A specialized sub-unit of a cell that has a particular function.
5. The ability cells have to self-destruct.
6. Refers to a cell that contains 1 set of unpaired chromosomes.
8. A type of cell division which results in 4 daughter cells being produced.
9. A substance found in chromosomes and that is responsible for storing the genetic information of a particular organism.
11. A process of cell division undertaken by diploid cells, of which as a result 2 daughter cells are produced.
13. Stage of mitosis in which chromosomes contract and become visible.
14. A period of cell growth and DNA synthesis during the mitotic cell cycle.
15. The structural, functional and biological unit of all organisms.
18. Stage of mitosis during which chromosomes align around the equator of a spindle.
20. Any cells or organisms without a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
21. A macromolecule that is made up of repeating amino acids and that is vital for the body to function properly.
23. Long and twisted strands of DNA.
24. A cellular organelle involved in cellular division.
25. An organelle that contains DNA and controls cellular activity.
27. The cells produced after meiosis that form sperm or egg cells.