Viral Vaccines

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  1. 3. This vaccine is typically produced in eggs and followed formalin fixation and detergent disruption of viral proteins. The level of HA antigen is measured, as it is currently the major antigenic target.
  2. 5. The goal of vaccination is to prevent ___ not necessarily infection.
  3. 7. Ring vaccination was the strategy used to ___ smallpox without requiring everyone to be vaccinated.
  4. 9. Some vaccines can only be administered around 1 year of age. They may not work if given earlier due to ___ antibodies
  5. 16. These vaccines take the pathogenic virus and treat it with chemicals to eliminate infectivity.
  6. 17. Many vaccines try to induce ___ antibodies, or those that bind to the virus and prevent infection.
  7. 20. I developed OPV, an oral polio virus vaccine. While it has been used to eradicate polio from much of the world, it can revert and cause vaccine induced polio.
  8. 21. In 1798 it was published the ___ virus is able to confer protect from smallpox.
  9. 22. I taught community leaders in Boston about variolation in 1721 and saved peoples lives during a smallpox outbreak.
  10. 23. The SARS-CoV2 pandemic lead to two __ vaccines to be licensed. These vaccines induce host cells to produce the Spike protein, which leads to good development of both B and T cell responses.
  11. 24. The first major setback to modern vaccination occurred when ___ did not properly test if their IPV preparation was completely inactivated, leading to 40,000 children being injected with active polio virus.
Down
  1. 1. This technique was used for thousands of years to help reduce the mortality from smallpox.
  2. 2. Viruses that are ___, no longer induce disease yet are capable of replicating in the host. They frequently induce a good immune response with only one dose.
  3. 4. By introducing antigens to the host through vaccination, the host’s ____ response will be able to quickly respond when exposed to the real antigen.
  4. 6. Unfortunately introducing new science to the common man has always been difficult. The ___ Society began spreading anti-science propaganda back in the early 1800s.
  5. 8. When traveling in Turkey I witnessed variolation and brought the technique back to the English court in 1721.
  6. 10. These vaccines only include specific viral proteins. They frequently include the capsid proteins of naked viruses.
  7. 11. Vaccines given in childhood are ___ vaccines. They teach the host to respond to antigens.
  8. 12. This technique replaced variolation in the 1800s because it was found to cause fewer side-effect and still prevented smallpox deaths.
  9. 13. Monoclonal antibody treatment against SARS-CoV-2 is an example of ___ vaccination. Although if given early, they may prevent disease; however the patient will not have long term protection.
  10. 14. Smallpox is caused by the ___ virus, the same virus used to inoculate people to help curb deaths.
  11. 15. I am a highly contagious virus and therefore to prevent outbreaks more than 95% of the community needs to be immune.
  12. 18. This term refers to the ability of vaccinated individuals to protect those who cannot be vaccinated.
  13. 19. I am known as the Father of Vaccinology. While I may not have been the first to notice milkmaids I protected, I was the first to publish.
  14. 20. I developed the first polio vaccine by simply treating polio virus with formalin. It is called IPV and is currently the vaccine used in the US.