Vocab

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Across
  1. 4. A system of manufacturing where work is done in the homes of individual
  2. 5. The set of words, phrases, and terminology that is commonly used in academic writing and discussions. Understanding academic vocabulary is crucial for effective communication and research in any field.
  3. 8. A major port city in England, important for trade during the Industrial Revolution.
  4. 9. Individuals who start and run businesses, taking on risk to create profit.
  5. 14. The belief that one state has the right to intervene in the affairs of another state, often to prevent revolution or maintain a perceived order. This principle was a key element of the Concert of Europe, a system of alliances formed after the Congress of Vienna to suppress revolutionary movements.
  6. 15. or reliance on military strength.
  7. 17. people began to look to this northern Italian state for leadership
  8. 18. Obtained or received from a source; to have come from something else.
  9. 19. A process of refining pig iron into wrought iron by stirring molten iron with a rod while the iron is in a furnace.
  10. 22. a movement to end slavery, arose in the North and challenged the Southern way of life.
  11. 24. the emperor appoints him the prime minister “politics of reality,” or politics based on practical matters
  12. 26. Money or assets used to finance an enterprise or to generate income.
  13. 28. or withdraw from the United States.
  14. 29. decided to make some reforms.
  15. 31. A major industrial city in England, known for its textile mills and factories during the Industrial Revolution.
  16. 32. A series of meetings in Vienna in 1814-1815, following the Napoleonic Wars, where European powers sought to restore stability and balance of power after the upheavals of the French Revolution and Napoleonic era. The Congress was dominated by conservative figures like Klemens von Metternich, the Austrian foreign minister.
  17. 33. A Welsh social reformer and industrialist who advocated for utopian socialism and improved working conditions for factory workers.
  18. 34. A political ideology that values tradition, established social hierarchies, and often emphasizes the importance of community over individual rights. Conservatives tend to be skeptical of rapid social and political change, preferring a gradual approach to reform.
  19. 35. The capital city of Bohemia, a region in modern-day Czech Republic. It was the site of a revolt against Austrian rule in 1848, which was part of the broader wave of revolutionary movements across Europe.
  20. 37. whose reign from 1837
Down
  1. 1. The Austrian foreign minister who played a key role in the Congress of Vienna. Metternich was a prominent conservative figure who aimed to prevent future revolutions and maintain the status quo in Europe by suppressing liberal and nationalist movements.
  2. 2. or emperor, of the Second German Empire (the first was the medieval Holy Roman Empire).
  3. 3. the capital of hungary
  4. 6. An economic system where private individuals or corporations control the means of production, such as factories and machinery, and use them to generate profits.
  5. 7. A person or group who advocates for fundamental and often revolutionary changes to a constitution, or for a new constitution altogether. Radicals typically seek to expand democratic rights and challenge existing power structures.
  6. 8. A political ideology that emphasizes individual rights, limited government, and the idea of popular sovereignty (the right of the people to govern themselves). Liberals often advocate for constitutional government, civil liberties, and the right to vote, though historically, these rights might have been limited to specific groups, such as property owners or men.
  7. 10. The city in Austria where the Congress of Vienna took place in 1814-1815.
  8. 11. Scottish inventor and engineer who made improvements to the steam engine, vital to the Industrial Revolution.
  9. 12. A political system in which all adult men have the right to vote, regardless of their social status, property ownership, or other criteria. This is a key demand of radical political movements that seek to expand democratic participation.
  10. 13. A state that encompasses multiple distinct ethnic groups, cultures, and/or nations, each with its own language, traditions, and sense of identity. The term "multinational state" is often used in historical contexts to describe empires or large states that struggled with the rise of nationalism, as seen in the Austro-Hungarian or Russian Empires.
  11. 16. The nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte who later became Emperor Napoleon III of France. German Confederation:
  12. 20. Based on a hypothesis or supposition; intended to be a theory or speculation.
  13. 21. American inventor and engineer known for developing the first successful steamboat, the Clermont.
  14. 23. A political and economic system where society, or the government in its name, owns and controls the means of production.
  15. 25. and Lorraine: to the new German state. The loss of these territories left the French burning for revenge.
  16. 27. edict, which freed the serfs.
  17. 30. The process in England during the 16th and 18th centuries of converting common land into privately owned farms, displacing small farmers and fueling rural-to-urban migration.
  18. 36. Garibaldi, a dedicated Italian patriot