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- 3. An ancient region along the Nile River, south of Egypt, that is now part of modern-day Sudan and southern Egypt. It was rich in gold and was home to one of the earliest civilizations in ancient Africa.
- 4. A period of human history that followed the Bronze Age, characterized by the widespread use of iron and steel for tools and weapons.
- 10. A sovereign, independent state that consists of a single city and its surrounding territory. It functions as its own self-governing political unit.
- 12. A system of organizing people or things into ranked levels of importance, with those at the top holding more power and authority
- 13. A system of writing used in ancient Egypt that uses pictorial characters to represent objects, concepts, or sounds. The word itself comes from Greek words meaning "sacred carving".
- 14. An amount of something that remains after all needs have been met; an excess. In early civilizations, an agricultural surplus was a key factor in the growth of cities.
- 16. An ancient Persian religion founded by the prophet Zoroaster. Its teachings center on a supreme god, Ahura Mazda, and feature a dualistic cosmology of good versus evil.
- 17. A sequence of rulers from the same family. Ancient Egypt and China were governed by a succession of dynasties.
- 19. An ancient region in West Asia situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, in what is now modern-day Iraq. It is considered one of the earliest cradles of human civilization and is known for innovations like writing and agriculture.
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- 1. A system of government or business administration characterized by a complex set of rules, a clear hierarchy, and a division of labor. It organizes large numbers of people to work together efficiently.
- 2. The first five books of the Hebrew Bible: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. It contains the foundational laws and teachings of Judaism. The term can also refer to the entirety of Jewish teachings.
- 5. important info
- 6. The belief in the existence of only one god. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are major monotheistic religions.
- 7. The belief in and worship of multiple gods or deities. Ancient Egyptian and Greek religions are classic examples of polytheistic belief systems.
- 8. A set of religious and ethical directives that, according to the Hebrew Bible, were given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai. They are foundational to Jewish law and considered divinely authoritative in many Christian traditions.
- 9. A form of government where religious leaders hold political power and rule based on religious doctrines. It is based on the belief that authority comes from divine guidance.
- 11. A political unit of diverse territories and peoples under the control of a single sovereign power. The ruler is an emperor or empress.
- 15. The dispersion or spreading of a people or culture from their original homeland. It can also refer to the community of people scattered across the world.
- 18. The supreme ruler of ancient Egypt, who was considered both a king and a living god.