Across
- 4. One of the two main branches of Islam, followed especially in Iran, that rejects the first three Sunni caliphs and regards Ali, the fourth caliph, as Muhammad's first true successor.
- 5. The Islamic sacred book, believed to be the word of God as dictated to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel and written down in Arabic.
- 7. The chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad.
- 8. An instrument formerly used to make astronomical measurements, typically of the altitudes of celestial bodies, and in navigation for calculating latitude, before the development of the sextant.
- 10. The religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah.
- 13. A Muslim temple or place of public worship.
- 14. The belief that natural objects, natural phenomena, and the universe itself possess souls.
- 20. A central figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire and in the 15th-century European maritime discoveries and maritime expansion.
- 21. A kingdom centered in Northeast Africa and South Arabia from Classical antiquity to the Middle Ages.
- 22. A struggle or fight against the enemies of Islam or the spiritual struggle within oneself against sin.
- 23. A follower of the religion of Islam.
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- 1. An Islamic shrine located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem, a site also known to Muslims as the al-Haram al-Sharif or the Al-Aqsa Compound.
- 2. Fundamental practices in Islam, considered to be obligatory acts of worship for all Muslims.
- 3. A person regarded as an inspired teacher or proclaimer of the will of God.
- 6. City in WC France, on the Loire: site of a battle ( a. d. 732) in which the Franks under Charles Martel defeated the Saracens.
- 9. The larger of the two main branches of Islam, which differs from Shia in its understanding of the Sunna, its conception of religious leadership, and its acceptance of the first three caliphs.
- 11. A lofty, often slender, tower or turret attached to a mosque, surrounded by or furnished with one or more balconies, from which the muezzin calls the people to prayer.
- 12. A triangular sail set on a long sloping yard, used especially on the Mediterranean Sea.
- 15. Islamic canonical law based on the teachings of the Koran and the traditions of the Prophet (Hadith and Sunna), prescribing both religious and secular duties and sometimes retributive penalties for lawbreaking.
- 16. A city in and the capital of Hejaz, in western Saudi Arabia: birthplace of Muhammad; spiritual center of Islam.
- 17. The Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca that takes place in the last month of the year, and that all Muslims are expected to make at least once during their lifetime.
- 18. Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina in AD 622, marking the consolidation of the first Muslim community.
- 19. A religious structure at the center of Islam's most important mosque, the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.