Vocab 7

1. an instrument formerly used to make astronomical measurements, typically of the altitudes of celestial bodies
4. the larger of the two main branches of Islam
6. the belief in a supernatural power that organizes and animates the material universe
10. shrine located near the centre of the Great Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
13. the declaration of faith (shahada), prayer (salah), alms-giving (zakat), fasting (sawm) and pilgrimage (hajj)
14. Capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia
16. an adherent of the Shia branch of Islam.
17. Frankish leader Charles Martel, a Christian, defeats a large army of Spanish Moors, halting the Muslim advance into Western Europe
19. the Prophet Muhammad's migration (622 ce) from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina)
20. A major empire of the ancient African world
21. the Islamic sacred book
23. a tall slender tower, typically part of a mosque, with a balcony from which a muezzin calls Muslims to prayer.

2. Islamic canonical law based on the teachings of the Koran and the traditions of the Prophet
3. a follower of the religion of Islam.
5. the spiritual struggle within oneself against sin.
7. Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered around the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad
8. a Muslim place of worship.
9. the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca that takes place in the last month of the year, and that all Muslims are expected to make at least once during their lifetime
11. central figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire and in the 15th-century European maritime discoveries and maritime expansion
12. a person regarded as an inspired teacher or proclaimer of the will of God
15. a triangular sail on a long yard at an angle of 45° to the mast.
18. Islamic shrine located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem
22. the chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad