Vocab #7

3. refers to an internal spiritual struggle or an external defense of the faith.
6. The second-largest branch of Islam, which believes that leadership should remain within the family of Muhammad
7. A powerful trading empire in northern Ethiopia and Eritrea that flourished from the 1st to the 8th century CE and eventually adopted Christianity.
8. A tall, slender tower attached to a mosque, with a balcony from which a muezzin calls Muslims to prayer.
9. A Muslim place of worship.
11. The belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence.
13. A monotheistic religion based on the teachings of Muhammad and the belief in one God
14. The largest branch of Islam, which believes the caliph should be chosen by the community.
15. A spiritual and political leader of the Muslim community, regarded as a successor to Muhammad.
17. A person regarded as an inspired teacher or proclaimer of the will of God; in this context, specifically Muhammad.
18. A battle in 732 AD where Frankish forces defeated an Umayyad army, halting the Muslim advance into Western Europe.
20. The body of canonical law based on the Qur'an and the Hadith, governing the religious and secular life of Muslims.
21. A 15th-century Portuguese prince who sponsored voyages of discovery along the African coast, fueling the Age of Discovery.

1. The central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be the verbatim word of God.
2. The five basic acts in Islam, Faith, Prayer, Charity, Fasting, and Pilgrimage.
4. An Islamic shrine in Jerusalem, built on the Temple Mount, where Muslims believe Muhammad ascended to heaven.
5. A triangular sail set on a long yard mounted at an angle on the mast, which allowed ships to sail against the wind.
7. An ancient instrument used by sailors to determine their latitude by measuring the position of the stars or sun.
10. Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina in 622 B.C, marking the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
12. The holiest city in Islam, located in Saudi Arabia; it is the birthplace of Muhammad and the destination of the Hajj.
16. The cube-shaped building at the center of Islam's most important mosque in Mecca; it is the most sacred site in Islam.
19. A follower of the religion of Islam.
22. The annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca that every adult Muslim is expected to make at least once in their lifetime.