Vocab #9

2. A peasant bound to the land who worked for a lord and could not lawfully leave the estate.
4. Describing an ideal and perfect society, often unrealistic or imaginary.
10. A church-led investigation and punishment of heresy in Spain, especially targeting Jews and Muslims.
11. A Renaissance intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements.
13. A powerful Germanic tribe that established a large kingdom in Western Europe, especially under Charlemagne.
14. A code of conduct for knights, focusing on bravery, honor, and respect for women and the weak.
15. A large estate or farm that was the center of life and work in feudal society.
17. A piece of land granted to a vassal by a lord under the feudal system.
18. A person who supports artists, writers, and scholars, especially during the Renaissance.
19. Concerned with worldly matters rather than religious ones.
21. Groups of nomadic tribes from Northern Europe, such as the Goths, Vandals, and Saxons, that played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
22. Germanic tribes that settled in England in the early Middle Ages.
23. Nomadic people from Central Asia who invaded Eastern Europe in the 9th and 10th centuries.

1. A deadly plague that swept through Europe in the 14th century, killing millions.
3. A period of cultural rebirth and renewed interest in classical learning and the arts, starting in Italy in the 14th century.
5. A person who received land from a lord in exchange for loyalty and military service.
6. A social and political system where nobles offered protection and land in return for service.
7. The practice of charging interest on loans, once considered a sin by the Church.
8. A document signed in 1215 that limited the power of the English king and established legal rights.
9. A long conflict between England and France over rightful claims to the French throne (1337–1453).
12. Relating to the Middle Ages, the period between the fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance.
15. A nomadic group from Central Asia who created the largest contiguous land empire in history.
16. A series of religious wars sanctioned by the Catholic Church to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control.
20. A system of law based on precedent and customs rather than written codes.