Vocab #9

4. A person who served a lord in exchange for land and protection.
9. Groups from northern Europe, who helped end the Western Roman Empire.
10. Germanic peoples who settled in England after Roman rule collapsed.
11. Concerned with non‑religious ideas, activities, or beliefs.
12. A deadly disease that killed millions in Europe during the 1300s.
15. A powerful Germanic group that built a large kingdom in Western Europe.
16. A medieval system where land was exchanged for loyalty, service, and protection.
18. Religious wars where Europeans tried to capture the Holy Land from Muslim control.
20. A peasant tied to a lord’s land, working in return for shelter.
21. A period of renewed interest in art, learning, and classical ideas in Europe.
22. A church court in Spain that investigated and punished religious non‑conformity.
23. A lord’s estate including farmland, villages, and everything needed for daily life.

1. Nomadic people from Central Asia who invaded Europe and settled in Hungary.
2. Describing an ideal, perfect society that is difficult to achieve.
3. A legal system based on court decisions and long‑established customs.
5. A knight’s code stressing bravery, honor, loyalty, and respectful behavior.
6. A 1215 document limiting the king’s power and protecting nobles’ rights.
7. Nomadic warriors who created one of history’s largest land empires.
8. Relating to the Middle Ages, a period between ancient and modern times.
13. A long conflict between England and France over land and royal claims.
14. Charging extremely high interest on loans, often considered unfair or immoral.
16. Land granted by a lord to a vassal for loyalty and service.
17. Someone who financially supports artists, writers, or scholars.
19. A Renaissance belief focusing on human potential, achievements, and classical learning.