Across
- 1. - Nomadic warriors from Central Asia who created the largest contiguous land empire in history under Genghis Khan and his successors.
- 3. - A self-sufficient landed estate that served as the primary economic and social unit of the Middle Ages.
- 4. - Concerned with worldly things or matters that are not regarded as religious or spiritual.
- 6. - The practice of lending money at interest, which was traditionally discouraged or forbidden by the medieval Church.
- 8. - A social and political system based on the holding of land in exchange for labor or service.
- 10. - A nomadic people from Central Asia who settled in present-day Hungary and raided Western Europe during the 9th and 10th centuries.
- 11. - The religious, moral, and social code of conduct followed by medieval knights.
- 13. - A peasant laborer who was legally bound to work on a lord's estate.
- 15. Law - A body of law based on custom and previous court decisions rather than written legislative statutes.
- 17. Tribes - Various ethnic groups from Northern Europe whose migrations and invasions led to the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the development of modern European states.
- 19. - An intellectual movement of the Renaissance that focused on human potential, secular values, and the study of Greek and Roman classics.
- 20. - A powerful Germanic people who conquered Gaul and established the most influential kingdom in early medieval Europe.
- 22. Death (Bubonic Plague) - A massive pandemic that killed a significant portion of the population in Europe and Asia during the mid-14th century.
- 23. - Relating to an idealized society where everything is perfect and social problems have been solved.
Down
- 1. - Relating to the Middle Ages, the historical period between the fall of Rome and the start of the Renaissance.
- 2. - A person, usually a noble, who received land from a lord in exchange for a pledge of loyalty and military service.
- 5. - A series of military expeditions by European Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control.
- 7. - A period of cultural "rebirth" following the Middle Ages characterized by a renewed interest in classical art, literature, and learning.
- 9. - A wealthy individual who provides financial support to artists, writers, or musicians.
- 12. Years’ War - A series of conflicts between England and France from 1337 to 1453 over the right to rule the French kingdom.
- 14. Inquisition - A church court established in Spain to identify and punish those suspected of heresy against the Catholic Church.
- 16. Carta - A document signed in 1215 that limited the power of the English king and protected the legal rights of his subjects.
- 18. - A grant of land given to a vassal by a lord under the feudal system.
- 21. - Germanic tribes from mainland Europe who settled in Great Britain and established the foundations of the English nation.