vocab 9

6. The practice of charging interest on loans, often considered immoral in medieval Europe.
9. A legal system based on court decisions and customs rather than written codes.
11. A long conflict between England and France over territory and royal succession.
13. Nomadic warriors from Central Asia who built the largest land empire in history under Genghis Khan.
14. Germanic peoples who settled in England after the fall of Rome.
15. Concerned with worldly matters rather than religion.
18. Describing an ideal, perfect society that does not exist in reality.
19. Referring to the Middle Ages, the period in Europe roughly from 500 to 1500 CE.
22. A series of religious wars launched by Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control.
23. A person who pledged loyalty and service to a lord in exchange for land or protection.

1. A Catholic court established to enforce religious uniformity in Spain through investigation and punishment.
2. A 1215 document limiting the English king’s power and establishing basic legal rights.
3. A wealthy supporter who funded artists, writers, or scholars.
4. A Renaissance movement focusing on human potential, achievements, and classical learning.
5. A political and social system where land was exchanged for loyalty, service, and protection.
7. A cultural rebirth in Europe marked by renewed interest in art, learning, and classical ideas.
8. A Germanic kingdom that rose to power in Western Europe under leaders like Charlemagne.
10. A self‑sufficient estate where the lord, serfs, and peasants lived and worked.
12. A devastating bubonic plague pandemic that killed millions in 14th‑century Europe.
16. A medieval knight’s code of honor emphasizing bravery, loyalty, and respect.
17. Groups of Indo‑European peoples who lived in Northern Europe and helped bring down the Western Roman Empire.
20. A piece of land granted by a lord to a vassal under the feudal system.
21. Nomadic raiders from Central Asia who later settled in present‑day Hungary.
24. A peasant bound to a lord’s land who worked in return for shelter and protection.