Vocab #9

3. Germanic tribes that settled in Britain and formed the first united Kingdom of England.
4. Nomadic horse warriors who built the largest contiguous empire in history, stretching across Asia and into Europe.
5. A historic 1215 English document that limited the king's power and protected the rights of the nobility.
7. A cultural movement during the Renaissance that focused on human potential, reason, and worldly subjects rather than strictly religious ones.
11. The illegal or unethical practice of lending money with an excessively high interest rate (historically frowned upon by the Catholic Church).
12. A series of conflicts (1337–1453) between England and France for control of the French throne.
15. A political and social system where lords owned land, and lesser nobles (vassals) provided military service in exchange for using it.
17. A major "rebirth" in Europe that sparked an explosion of art, literature, and learning following the Middle Ages.
19. A large, self-sufficient estate controlled by a lord, including farmland, a village, and a castle.
21. Pertaining to the Middle Ages, the period in European history between the fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance.
22. A devastating global pandemic that swept through Europe and Asia in the mid-1300s, wiping out a huge portion of the population.
23. Describing an imagined, perfect, and flawless society, often deemed impossible to achieve in reality.

1. A powerful Germanic tribe that conquered much of modern-day France and established a massive empire under Charlemagne.
2. A uniform system of law based on court decisions and custom, rather than written legal codes.
6. A series of religious wars launched by European Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control.
8. A peasant bound to the land, working for a lord in exchange for protection and a small plot of land.
9. Nomadic groups from Northern and Central Europe (like the Goths and Vandals) who migrated and helped reshape Europe after the fall of Rome.
10. A wealthy person who provided financial support to artists, writers, and scientists.
13. A medieval code of conduct for knights that emphasized bravery, honor, and protecting the weak.
14. A person granted land by a lord in exchange for loyalty and military service.
15. The actual land granted by a lord to a vassal.
16. Things that are worldly or non-religious, relating to earthly life rather than spiritual matters.
18. Nomadic warriors from Central Asia who invaded and raided parts of Europe, eventually settling in modern-day Hungary.
20. A harsh campaign started by Spanish monarchs in 1478 to ensure religious conformity (primarily by targeting Jews and Muslims).