Vocab. Quiz #'s 1-20

3. Researcher expectations or beliefs unintentionally influencing study outcome or interpretation
6. Frequency distribution with two distinct peaks or modes, indicating different groups in the data
7. Ethical standards requiring humane treatment of animals and minimizing pain or distress
8. Approach examining behavior and mental processes through genetics, brain, hormones, nervous system
9. Psychological approach that emphasizes observable behavior and how it’s learned through conditioning
14. Statistical relationship between two variables showing how one changes with the other, not causation
15. Non-random sample chosen for ease, often leading to bias and limiting generalizability
16. Measure of the magnitude of a relationship or treatment effect, independent of sample size
17. Uncontrolled factors that might influence experiment results, making causation unclear
18. Approach explaining behavior and mental processes in terms of adaptation and survival advantages
19. Research comparing adopted children to their biological and adoptive parents to separate influences of genetics and environment
20. Difficulty in determining which variable influences the other in correlational studies

1. Approach focusing on mental processes such as thinking, memory, problem-solving, and decision-making
2. Controlled method where an independent variable is manipulated to measure its effect on a dependent variable
4. Experimental design where neither participants nor researchers know group assignments, reducing bias
5. Ethical rules including informed consent, right to withdraw, confidentiality, and debriefing
10. Method comparing different age groups or categories at one time to study trends
11. Statistical estimate of how much trait variation within a population is due to genetic differences
12. In-depth, detailed examination of an individual, group, or situation, often used for rare phenomena
13. Numerical measures (mean, median, mode, standard deviation) that summarize a data set